On 2/20/2020 9:41 PM, Robert Sanderson wrote:
To play the devil’s avocado … if Stephen is correct that we don’t want
to add categorical assertions, then these seem like clear instances of
that type of assertion.
Personally, these seem extremely useful … along with many other
categorical assertions!
Of course it is a categorical assertion.
In particular the "restricted to" violates the Open World, as any
negative statement. The tricky thing is to understand which part of the
world has so thoroughly been studied, that we can regard it as "closed".
If I have an object in front of me, I can make compete assertions about
features that my senses can normally perceive.
I suspect the cardinality is logically wrong again. If a type of thing
is restricted to a period, it is not excluded for all its subperiods.
Needs more thought.:-)
Rob
*From: *Crm-sig <crm-sig-boun...@ics.forth.gr> on behalf of Martin
Doerr <mar...@ics.forth.gr>
*Date: *Thursday, February 20, 2020 at 11:38 AM
*To: *crm-sig <Crm-sig@ics.forth.gr>
*Subject: *[Crm-sig] My HW Issue 294: appears in etc.
Dear all,
Here my reworking of the scope notes:
*appears in*
Domain: E55 Type
Range: E4 Period
Subproperty: appears in
Quantification: many-to-many
Old Scope Note:
This property connects a kind of object (documented as an instance of
E55 Type) to an instance of E4 Period in order to indicate that this
kind of object is found in archaeological contexts related to this
period.
This property makes a weak statement with regards to the distribution
of the class of object in the archaeological record. The statement
would support reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the discovery of an
instance of this type of object in an archaeological context would
indicate that a number of instances of E4 Period, in which the type of
object is known to appear, may have extended over the area of
archaeological observation in question.
Stronger claims can be made using ‘typical for’ and ‘restricted to’
properties.
New Scope Note:
This property associates a kind of object (documented as an instance
of E55) to an instance of E4 Period for indicating that objects of
this kind have been generated within this period. The generation of
such objects may be the result of human, biological, geological or
other processes.
This property makes a weak statement with regards to the distribution
of the class of object in the archaeological record, but also in
geological or paleontological observations: If the genesis of an
object of this type can plausibly be assumed to fall within the
genesis of the context in which it was found, then the statement made
with this property would support reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the
genesis period of the find context forms part of or overlaps with one
of the instance of E4 Period in which the respective object type has
appeared.
Stronger claims can be made using ‘typical for’ and ‘restricted to’
properties.
*restricted to*
Domain: E55 Type
Range: E4 Period
Subproperty: appears in
Quantification: many-to-one
Old Scope Note:
This property connects a kind of object (documented as an instance of
E55) to an instance of E4 Period to indicate that this kind of object
is exclusively generated in contexts – archaeological, biological,
geological –in this period.
This property makes a strong statement with regards to the
distribution of the class of object in the archaeological record. The
statement would support reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the discovery
of an instance of this type of object in a context would be indicative
of the extension of an instance of the related instance of E4 Period
over the area of archaeological observation.
Weaker claims can be made using ‘typical for’ and ‘appears in’.
New Scope Note:
This property associates a kind of object (documented as an instance
of E55) to an instance of E4 Period for indicating that objects of
this kind have exclusively been generated in this period.
This property makes a strong statement concerning the distribution of
the kind of object in the observation record: If the genesis of an
object of this type can plausibly be assumed to fall within the
genesis of the context in which it was found, then the statement made
with this property would support reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the
genesis period of the find context actually forms part of the related
instance of E4 Period, or at least overlaps with it.
In contrast, objects from previous periods may appear in a context
because they are still in use, and objects from later periods may have
been pushed into an older context.
Weaker claims can be made using the properties ‘typical for’ and
‘appears in’.
*typical for*
Domain: E55 Type
Range: E4 Period
Subproperty: appears in
Quantification: many-to-one
Old Scope Note:
This property connects a kind of object (documented as an instance of
E55 Type) to an instance of E4 Period in order to indicate that this
kind of object is regularly found in archaeological contexts related
to this period.
This property makes a moderate statement with regards to the
distribution of the class of object in the archaeological record. The
statement would support reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the discovery
of instances of this type of object in an archaeological context would
be a possible indicator of the extension of an instance of the related
instance of E4 Period over the area of archaeological observation.
A stronger claim can be made using ‘restricted to’ while a weaker
claim is made using ‘appears in.
New Scope Note:
This property associates a kind of object (documented as an instance
of E55) to an instance of E4 Period for indicating that objects of
this kind have been generated in this period in significantly higher
numbers and wider distribution, than in other periods.
This property makes a moderate statement concerning the distribution
of the kind of object in the observation record: If a sufficient
number of objects of this type are found in some context, and their
genesis can plausibly be assumed to fall within the genesis of the
find context, then the statement made with this property would support
reasoning, ceteris paribus, that the genesis period of the find
context is likely to forms part of the related instance of E4 Period,
or at least overlaps with it. “Sufficient number” means that the
density of objects of this kind in the find context is compatible with
the general density this kind of object had in the respective period
in comparable contexts and deposition history.
A stronger claim can be made using ‘restricted to’ while a weaker
claim is made using ‘appears in'.
Best,
Martin
--
------------------------------------
Dr. Martin Doerr
Honorary Head of the
Center for Cultural Informatics
Information Systems Laboratory
Institute of Computer Science
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton,
GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
Vox:+30(2810)391625
Email:mar...@ics.forth.gr <mailto:mar...@ics.forth.gr>
Web-site:http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl
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--
------------------------------------
Dr. Martin Doerr
Honorary Head of the
Center for Cultural Informatics
Information Systems Laboratory
Institute of Computer Science
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)
N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton,
GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece
Vox:+30(2810)391625
Email: mar...@ics.forth.gr
Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl
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