Dear All,

Property quantifications are statements about existence and uniqueness. For 
example, in the quantifier “(1,n:0,1)” the “1,n” is an existence statement 
(“for any allowed x there exists an y”) and the “0,1” is a uniqueness statement 
(“for any allowed y there is at most one x”). These statements can be encoded 
as first-order logic (FOL) axioms.

However, quantifications come with a caveat:

> Quantifiers for properties are provided for the purpose of semantic 
> clarification only, and should not be treated as implementation 
> recommendations. The CIDOC CRM has been designed to accommodate alternative 
> opinions and incomplete information, and therefore all properties should be 
> implemented as optional and repeatable for their domain and range (“many to 
> many (0,n:0,n)”). Therefore, the term “cardinality constraints” is avoided 
> here, as it typically pertains to implementations.

What is the ontological status of the property quantifications? Can they be 
encoded as FOL, or not? Incomplete information is not a problem for the FOL. 
Are alternative opinions a problem or are they also only relevant for 
implementations? 

For more details see here:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/11bue0Rakrekmcke-MkZqprfq0FXy5LkRMTl_VDynS5E/edit#

Best,
Wolfgang


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