-Caveat Lector-

Euphorian spotted this on the Guardian Unlimited site and thought you should see it.

To see this story with its related links on the Guardian Unlimited site, go to 
http://www.guardian.co.uk

Our quality of life peaked in 1974. It's all downhill now
We will pay the price for believing the world has infinite resources
George Monbiot
Monday December 30 2002
The Guardian


With the turning of every year, we expect our lives to improve. As long as the economy 
continues to grow, we imagine, the world will become a more congenial place in which 
to live. There is no basis for this belief. If we take into account such factors as 
pollution and the depletion of natural capital, we see that the quality of life peaked 
in the UK in 1974 and in the US in 1968, and has been falling ever since. We are going 
backwards.

The reason should not be hard to grasp. Our economic system depends upon never-ending 
growth, yet we live in a world with finite resources. Our expectation of progress is, 
as a result, a delusion.

This is the great heresy of our times, the fundamental truth which cannot be spoken. 
It is dismissed as furiously by those who possess power today - governments, business, 
the media - as the discovery that the earth orbits the sun was denounced by the late 
medieval church. Speak this truth in public and you are dismissed as a crank, a prig, 
a lunatic.

Capitalism is a millenarian cult, raised to the status of a world religion. Like 
communism, it is built upon the myth of endless exploitation. Just as Christians 
imagine that their God will deliver them from death, capitalists believe that theirs 
will deliver them from finity. The world's resources, they assert, have been granted 
eternal life.

The briefest reflection will show that this cannot be true. The laws of thermodynamics 
impose inherent limits upon biological production. Even the repayment of debt, the 
pre-requisite of capitalism, is mathematically possible only in the short-term. As 
Heinrich Haussmann has shown, a single pfennig invested at 5% compounded interest in 
the year AD 0 would, by 1990, have reaped a volume of gold 134bn times the weight of 
the planet. Capitalism seeks a value of production commensurate with the repayment of 
debt.

Now, despite the endless denials, it is clear that the wall towards which we are 
accelerating is not very far away. Within five or 10 years, the global consumption of 
oil is likely to outstrip supply. Every year, up to 75bn tonnes of topsoil are washed 
into the sea as a result of unsustainable farming, which equates to the loss of around 
9m hectares of productive land.

As a result, we can maintain current levels of food production only with the 
application of phosphate, but phosphate reserves are likely to be exhausted within 80 
years. Forty per cent of the world's food is produced with the help of irrigation; 
some of the key aquifers are already running dry as a result of overuse.

One reason why we fail to understand a concept as simple as finity is that our 
religion was founded upon the use of other people's resources: the gold, rubber and 
timber of Latin America; the spices, cotton and dyes of the East Indies; the labour 
and land of Africa. The frontier of exploitation seemed, to the early colonists, 
infinitely expandable. Now that geographical expansion has reached its limits, 
capitalism has moved its frontier from space to time: seizing resources from an 
infinite future.

An entire industry has been built upon the denial of ecological constraints. Every 
national newspaper in Britain lamented the "disappointing" volume of sales before 
Christmas. Sky News devoted much of its Christmas Eve coverage to live reports from 
Brent Cross, relaying the terrifying intelligence that we were facing "the worst 
Christmas for shopping since 2000". The survival of humanity has been displaced in the 
newspapers by the quarterly results of companies selling tableware and knickers.

Partly because they have been brainwashed by the corporate media, partly because of 
the scale of the moral challenge with which finity confronts them, many people respond 
to the heresy with unmediated savagery.

Last week this column discussed the competition for global grain supplies between 
humans and livestock. One correspondent, a man named David Roucek, wrote to inform me 
that the problem is the result of people "breeding indiscriminately ... When a woman 
has displayed evidence that she totally disregards the welfare of her offspring by 
continuing to breed children she cannot support, she has committed a crime and must be 
punished. The punishment? She must be sterilised to prevent her from perpetrating her 
crimes upon more innocent children."

There is no doubt that a rising population is one of the factors which threatens the 
world's capacity to support its people, but human population growth is being massively 
outstripped by the growth in the number of farm animals. While the rich world's 
consumption is supposed to be boundless, the human population is likely to peak within 
the next few decades. But population growth is the one factor for which the poor can 
be blamed and from which the rich can be excused, so it is the one factor which is 
repeatedly emphasised.

It is possible to change the way we live. The economist Bernard Lietaer has shown how 
a system based upon negative rates of interest would ensure that we accord greater 
economic value to future resources than to present ones. By shifting taxation from 
employment to environmental destruction, governments could tax over-consumption out of 
existence. But everyone who holds power today knows that her political survival 
depends upon stealing from the future to give to the present.

Overturning this calculation is the greatest challenge humanity has ever faced. We 
need to reverse not only the fundamental presumptions of political and economic life, 
but also the polarity of our moral compass. Everything we thought was good - giving 
more exciting presents to our children, flying to a friend's wedding, even buying 
newspapers - turns out also to be bad. It is, perhaps, hardly surprising that so many 
deny the problem with such religious zeal. But to live in these times without striving 
to change them is like watching, with serenity, the oncoming truck in your path.

www.monbiot.com

Copyright Guardian Newspapers Limited

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