-Caveat Lector-
Begin forwarded message:
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: July 24, 2007 2:54:55 AM PDT
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Bush "Born to Rule" -- The "Presidential Bloodline" of
America's "Royal Family"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_family
Bush family
Current President George W. Bush is related to 15 other
presidents. He is a cousin of:
Washington (through Anne Hutchinson via Samuel P. Bush's wife
Harriet Fay)
Pierce (via Daniel Brewer),
Fillmore (via Millards),
Lincoln (via Gilmans),
Grant [and Benedict Arnold] (via Lathrops),
Hayes (via Smiths, Footes, Parmelees, and Huckinses),
Garfield (via Wheelers, Carpenters, Cookes, Warrens, and Holbrooks),
Cleveland (via Smiths and Stanleys),
Benjamin Harrison (via Hortons),
Theodore Roosevelt (via Schuylers),
Taft (via Holbrooks, Thayers, Haywards, Cookes, Footes, Ravenses,
and Waterses),
Coolidge (via Phillipses, Hortons, Garnseys, Pulsiphers, Ravenses,
Richardsons, Moores, Bulkeleys, and Morses),
Hoover (via Brookses, Reades, Wheelers, and Richardsons),
Franklin Roosevelt (via Beekmans, Hutchinsons, Popes, Jenneys,
Richardses, Palgraves, Lathrops, and Howlands),
Nixon (via Lippincotts, Footes, Traverses, Morses, and Howlands), and
Ford (via Vanderburghs, Wheelers, Marvins, Gilmans, and Howlands).
http://www.wargs.com/political/bush.html
http://www.svu2000.org/genealogy/George_W.pdf
Pierce family
First Lady Barbara Bush (née Pierce), the wife of George H.W. Bush
(41st President of the United States) and the mother of George W.
Bush (43rd President), is descended from a second cousin of
Franklin Pierce (14th President). Through that family they are also
connected to the imperial House of Lorraine**
............................
Family traditions?
The last reigning Holy Roman Emperor of the House of (Habsburg)-
Lorraine was Francis II, who was a teenager at the time of the
American Revolution.
His father Joseph II, an "enlightened absolutist," was Emperor
during the American as well as the French Revolutions.
The events of the French Revolution impressed themselves deeply
into the mind of Francis, and he came to distrust 'radicalism' in
any form. In 1794, a 'Jacobin' conspiracy was discovered in the
Austrian and Hungarian armies. The leaders were put on trial, but
the verdicts only skirted the perimeter of the conspiracy.
Francis's brother Alexander Leopold (at that time Palatine of
Hungary) wrote to the Emperor admitting "Although we have caught a
lot of the culprits, we have not really got to the bottom of this
business yet." Nonetheless, two officers heavily implicated in the
conspiracy were hanged and gibbeted, while many others were
sentenced to imprisonment (where many died in the conditions).
Francis was by nature suspicious, and set up an extensive network
of police spies and censors to monitor dissent (in this he was
following his father's lead, as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany had the
most effective secret police in Europe). Even his family did not
escape attention. His brothers, the Archdukes Charles and Johann
had their meetings and activities spied upon. Censorship was also
prevalent. The author Franz Grillparzer, a Habsburg patriot, had
one play suppressed solely as a 'precautionary' measure. When
Grillparzer met the censor responsible, he asked him what was
objectionable about the work. The censor replied "Oh, nothing at
all. But I thought to myself 'One can never tell'."
Francis presented himself as a open and approachable monarch (he
regularly set aside two mornings each week to meet his imperial
subjects, regardless of status, by appointment in his office, even
speaking to them in their own language), but his will was sovereign.
Enlightened absolutism (also known as benevolent or enlightened
despotism) is a form of despotism in which rulers were influenced
by the Enlightenment, a historical period. Enlightened monarchs
embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its
emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their territories.
They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and
the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered
the arts, sciences, and education.
Enlightened absolutists' beliefs about royal power were often
similar to those of absolute monarchs, in that many believed that
they had the right to govern by birth and generally refused to
grant constitutions, seeing even the most pro-monarchy ones as
being an inherent check on their power. The difference between an
absolutist and an enlightened absolutist is based on a broad
analysis of how far they embraced Enlightenment. In particular, the
Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II can be said to have fully embraced the
enlightened concept of the social contract. In contrast, Empress
Catherine II of Russia entirely rejected the concept of the social
contract while taking up many ideas of the Enlightenment, for
example by being a great patron of the arts in Imperial Russia and
incorporating many ideas of enlightened philosophers, especially
Montesquieu, in her Nakaz, to a committee meant to revise Russian law.
In effect, the monarchs ruled with the intent of improving the
lives of their subjects in order to strengthen or reinforce their
authority. For example, the abolition of serfdom in some regions of
Europe was achieved by enlightened rulers. In the spirit of
enlightened absolutism, Emperor Joseph II said, "Everything for the
people, nothing by the people."
Other enlightened absolutists, such as King Frederick the Great
maintained the ideals of the Enlightenment while also permitting
the practice of serfdom. The governing political philosophy of
'rationalism' under the enlightened ancient regime, permitted these
hereditary monarchs to commit hypocritical, yet rationally
justifiable actions. Unlike the absolutist King Louis XIV of
France, Frederick viewed himself as the "First servant of the
State," rather than the state itself.
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