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http://www.best.com/~dolphin//cooper/ch10.html
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After the Flood, by Bill Cooper
Chapter 10
Dinosaurs from Anglo-Saxon and other Records
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I have spoken on the subject of the Table of Nations and the early
post-Flood history of Europe, in Germany, Belgium and at many
places now in England, and what surprised me at first was how,
during question time, the subject turns so quickly to that of
dinosaurs. Do they appear in the early chronicles? Do descriptions
of them exist? And so on. So here I have set out as many examples
of the mention of dinosaurs in the early records as I could
immediately find, although there are doubtless many other instances
to be noticed. Some of the examples mentioned here come from the
very records that we have just been considering concerning the
descent of the nations.
The progression is only logical, for if the earth is as young as
our forebears thought and as the creation model of origins
predicts, then evidence will be found which tells us that, in the
recent past, dinosaurs and man have co-existed. There is, in fact,
good evidence to suggest that they still co-exist, and this is
directly contrary to the evolutionary model which teaches that
dinosaurs lived millions of years before man came along, and that
no man therefore can ever have seen a living dinosaur. And to test
that assertion, we will now examine the issue by considering the
written evidence that has survived from the records of various
ancient peoples that describe, sometimes in the most graphic
detail, human encounters with living giant reptiles that we would
call dinosaurs. And as we shall see, some of those records are not
so ancient.
There are, of course, the famous descriptions of two such monsters
from the Old Testament, Behemoth and Leviathan (Job 40:15-41:34),
Behemoth being a giant vegetarian that lived on the fens, and
Leviathan a somewhat more terrifying armour plated amphibian whom
only children and the most foolhardy would want as a pet. The
Egyptians knew Behemoth by the name p'ih.mw, (1) which is the same
name, of course. Leviathan was similarly known as Lotan to the men
of Ugarit. (2) Babylonian and Sumerian literature has preserved
details of similar creatures, as has the written and unwritten
folklore of peoples around the world. But perhaps the most
remarkable descriptions of living dinosaurs are those that the
Saxon and Celtic peoples of Europe have passed down to us.
The early Britons, from whom the modern Welsh are descended,
provide us with our earliest surviving European accounts of
reptilian monsters, one of whom killed and devoured king Morvidus
(Morydd) in ca 336 BC. We are told in the account translated for us
by Geoffrey of Monmouth, that the monster 'gulped down the body of
Morvidus as a big fish swallows a little one.' Geoffrey described
the animal as a Belua. (3)
Peredur, not the ancient king of that name (306-296 BC), but a much
later son of Earl Efrawg, had better luck than Morvidus, actually
managing to slay his monster, an addanc (pr. athanc: var. afanc),
at a place called Llyn Llion in Wales. (4) At other Welsh locations
the addanc is further spoken of along with another reptilian
species known as the carrog. The addanc survived until
comparatively recent times at such places as Bedd-yr-Afanc near
Brynberian, at Llyn-yr-Afanc above Bettws-y-Coed on the River Conwy
(the killing of this monster was described in the year 1693), and
Llyn Barfog. A carrog is commemorated at Carrog near Corwen, and at
Dol-y-Carrog in the Vale of Conwy. (5)
Moreover, 'dinosaurs', in the form of flying reptiles, were a
feature of Welsh life until surprisingly recent times. As late as
the beginning of the present century, elderly folk at Penllin in
Glamorgan used to tell of a colony of winged serpents that lived in
the woods around Penllin Castle. As Marie Trevelyan tells us:
'The woods around Penllin Castle, Glamorgan, had the
reputation of being frequented by winged serpents, and these
were the terror of old and young alike. An aged inhabitant of
Penllyne, who died a few years ago, said that in his boyhood
the winged serpents were described as very beautiful. They
were coiled when in repose, and "looked as if they were
covered with jewels of all sorts. Some of them had crests
sparkling with all the colours of the rainbow". When disturbed
they glided swiftly, J 'sparkling all over', to their hiding
places. When angry, they "flew over people's heads, with
outspread wings, bright, and sometimes with eyes too, like the
feathers in a peacock's tail". He said it was "no old story
invented to' frighten children", but a real fact. His father
and uncle had killed some of them, for they were as bad as
foxes for poultry. The old man attributed the extinction of
the winged serpents to the fact that they were "terrors in the
farmyards and coverts". (6)
This account is intriguing in many respects, not the least being
the fact that it is not a typical account of dragons. The creatures
concerned were not solitary and monstrous beasts, but small
creatures that lived in colonies. Not at all like the larger
species of winged reptile that used to nest upon an ancient
burial-mound, or tumulus, at Trellech-a'r-Betws in the county of
Dyfed, for example. But whilst we are in Wales, it is worth noting
that at Llanbardan-y-Garrag (is Garrag a corruption of carrog?),
the church contains a carving of a local giant reptile whose
features include large paddle-like flippers, a long neck and a
small head. Glaslyn, in Snowdon, is a lake where an afanc was
sighted as recently as the 1930s. On this occasion two climbers on
the side of a mountain looked down onto the surface of Glaslyn and
they saw the creature, which they described as having a long grey
body, rise from the depths of the lake to the surface, raise its
head and then submerge again. (7)
One could multiply such reports by the hundred. In England and
Scotland, again until comparatively recent times, other reptilian
monsters were sighted and spoken of in many places. The table at
the end of this chapter lists eighty-one locations in the British
Isles alone in which dinosaur activity has been reported (there
are, in fact, nearly 200 such places in Britain), but perhaps the
most relevant aspect of this as far as our present study is
concerned is the fact that some of these sightings and subsequent
encounters with living dinosaurs can be dated to the comparatively
recent past. The giant reptile at Bures in Suffolk, for example, is
known to us from a chronicle of 1405:
'Close to the town of Bures, near Sudbury, there has lately
appeared, to the great hurt of the countryside, a dragon, vast
in body, with a crested head, teeth like a saw, and a tail
extending to an enormous length. Having slaughtered the
shepherd of a flock, it devoured many sheep.'
After an unsuccessful attempt by local archers to kill the beast,
due to its impenetrable hide,
'...in order to destroy him, all the country people around
were summoned. But when the dragon saw that he was again to be
assailed with arrows, he fled into a marsh or mere and there
hid himself among the long reeds, and was no more seen.' (8)
Later in the 15th century, according to a contemporary chronicle
that still survives in Canterbury Cathedral's library, the
following incident was reported. On the afternoon of Friday, 26th
September, 1449, two giant reptiles were seen fighting on the banks
of the River Stour (near the village of Little Cornard) which
marked the English county borders of Suffolk and Essex. One was
black, and the other 'reddish and spotted'. After an hour-long
struggle that took place 'to the admiration of many [of the locals]
beholding them', the black monster yielded and returned to its
lair, the scene of the conflict being known ever since as
Sharpfight Meadow. (9)
As late as August, 1614, the following sober account was given of a
strange reptile that was encountered in St Leonard's Forest in
Sussex. The sighting was near a village that was known as Dragon's
Green long before this report was published:
'This serpent (or dragon as some call it) is reputed to be
nine feete, or rather more, in length, and shaped almost in
the form of an axletree of a cart: a quantitie of thickness in
the middest, and somewhat smaller at both endes. The former
part, which he shootes forth as a necke, is supposed to be an
elle [3 ft 9 ins or 1 l4 cms] long; with a white ring, as it
were, of scales about it. The scales along his back seem to be
blackish, and so much as is discovered under his belie,
appeareth to be red... it is likewise discovered to have large
feete, but the eye may there be deceived, for some suppose
that serpents have no feete ... [The dragon] rids away (as we
call it) as fast as a man can run. His food [rabbits] is
thought to be; for the most part, in a conie-warren, which he
much frequents ...There are likewise upon either side of him
discovered two great bunches so big as a large foote-ball, and
(as some thinke) will in time grow to wings, but God, I hope,
will (to defend the poor people in the neighbourhood) that he
shall be destroyed before he grows to fledge.' (10)
This dragon was seen in various places within a circuit of three or
four miles, and the pamphlet named some of the still-living
witnesses who had seen him. These included John Steele, Christopher
Holder and a certain 'widow woman dwelling neare Faygate'. Another
witness was 'the carrier of Horsham, who lieth at the White Horse
[inn] in Southwark'. One of the locals set his two mastiffs onto
the monster, and apart from losing his dogs he was fortunate to
escape alive from the encounter, for the dragon was already
credited with the deaths of a man and woman at whom it had spat and
who consequently had been killed by its venom. When approached
unwittingly, our pamphleteer tells us, the monster was...
'...of countenance very proud and at the sight or hearing of
men or cattel will raise his neck upright and seem to listen
and looke about, with great arrogancy.'
an eyewitness account of typically reptilian behaviour.
Again, as late as 27th and 28th May 1669, a large reptilian animal
was sighted many times, as was reported in the pamphlet: A True
Relation of a Monstrous Serpent seen at Henham (Essex) on the Mount
in Saffron Waldon. (11)
In 1867 was seen, for the last time, the monster that lived in the
woods around Fittleworth in Sussex. It would run up to people
hissing and spitting if they happened to stumble across it
unawares, although it never harmed anyone. Several such cases could
be cited, but suffice it to say that too many incidents like these
are reported down through the centuries and from all sorts of
locations for us to say that they are all fairy-tales. For example,
Scotland's famous Loch Ness Monster is too often thought to be a
recent product of the local Tourist Board's efforts to bring in
some trade, yet Loch Ness is by no means the only Scottish loch
where monsters have been reported. Loch Lomond, Loch Awe, Loch
Rannoch and the privately owned Loch Morar (over 1000 ft deep) also
have records of monster activity in recent years. Indeed, there
have been over forty sightings at Loch Morar alone since the end of
the last war, and over a thousand from Loch Ness in the same
period. However, as far as Loch Ness itself is concerned, few
realise that monstrous reptiles, no doubt the same species, have
been sighted in and around the loch since the so-called Dark Ages,
the most notable instance being that which is described in
Adamnan's famous 6th century Life of St Columba.
On hearing this, and with never a thought for his own safety, the
brave saint immediately ordered one of his followers to jump into
the freezing water to see if the monster was still in the vicinity.
Adamnan relates how the thrashing about of the alarmed and unhappy
swimmer, Lugne Mocumin by name, attracted the monster's attention.
Suddenly, on breaking the surface, the: monster was seen to speed
towards the luckless chap with its mouth wide open and screaming
like a banshee. Columba, however, refused to panic, and from the
safety of the dry land rebuked the beast. Whether the swimmer added
any rebukes of his own is not recorded, but the monster was seen to
turn away, having approached the swimmer so closely that not the
length of a punt-pole lay between them.
Columba, naturally, claimed the credit for the swimmer's survival,
although the reluctance of the monster to actually harm the man is
the most notable thing in this incident. The first swimmer had been
savaged and killed, though not eaten, and the second swimmer was
likewise treated to a display of the creature's wrath, though not
fatally. Most likely, the two men had unwittingly entered the water
close to where the creature kept her young, and she was reacting in
a way that is typical of most species. Gorillas, bull elephants,
ostriches, indeed all sorts of creature will charge at a man,
hissing, screaming and trumpeting alarmingly, yet will rarely kill
him or harm him so long as the man takes the hint and goes away. We
can rely on it that Columba's follower, utterly lacking his saintly
master's fortitude, had begun the process of taking the hint in
plenty of time for the monster to realise that killing him would
not be necessary.
Yet not even Lugne Mocumin's expenence is that uncommon. As
recently as the 18th century, in a lake called Llyn-y-Gader in
Snowdon, Wales, a certain man went 5wimming. He reached the middle
of the lake and was returning to the shore when his friends who
were watching him noticed that he was being followed by:
'...a long, trailing object winding slowly behind him. They
were afraid to raise an alarm, but went forward to meet him as
soon as he reached the shore where they stood. Just as he was
approaching, the trailing object raised its head, and before
anyone could render aid the man was enveloped in the coils of
the monster...' (12)
It seems that the man's body was never recovered.
At about the turn of this present century, the following incident
took place. It was related by a Lady Gregory of Ireland in 1920:
'...old people told me that they were swimming there, [in an
Irish lake called Lough Graney] and a man had gone out into
the middle, and they saw something like a great big eel making
for him...' (13)
Happily, on this occasion the man made it back to the shore, but
the important thing for us to notice is that these are only a few
of a great many reports concerning the sightings in recent times of
lake-dwelling monsters which, if only their fossils had been found,
would have been called dinosaurs.
But the British Isles are not the only place where one can find
such reports. They occur, quite literally, all over the world. (14)
William Caxton, for example, England's first printer, recorded for
us in 1484 the following account of a reptilian monster in medieval
Italy. I have modernised the spelling and punctuation:
'There was found within a great river [i.e. the Po in Italy] a
monster marine, or of the sea, of the form or likeness which
followeth. He had the form or making of a fish, the which part
was in two halves, that is to wit double. He had a great beard
and he had two wonderfully great horns above his ears. Also he
had great paps and a wonderfully great and horrible mouth. And
at the both [of] his elbows he had wings right broad and great
of fish's armour wherewith he swimmed and only he had but the
head out of the water. It happed then that many women
laundered and washed at the port or haven of the said river
[where] that this horrible and fearful beast was, [who] for
lack or default of meat came swimming toward the said women.
Of the which he took one by the hand and supposed to have
drawn her into the water. But she was strong and well advised
and resisted against the said monster. And as she defended
herself, she began to cry with an high voice, "Help, help!" To
the which came running five women which by hurling and drawing
of stones, killed and slew the said monster, for he was come
too far within the sound, wherefore he might not return to the
deep water. And after, when he rendered his spirit, he made a
right little cry. He was of great corpulence more than any
man's body. And yet, saith Poge [Pogius Bracciolini of
Florence] in this manner, that he, being at Ferrara, he saw
the said monster and saith yet that the young children were
accustomed for to go bathe and wash them within the said
river, but they came not all again. Wherefore the women
[neither] washed nor laundered their clothes at the said port,
for the folk presumed and supposed that the monster killed the
young children which were drowned.' (15)
Caxton also provided the following account of a 'serpent' which
left a cow badly bruised and frightened, although we should bear in
mind that a serpent in Caxton's day was not the snake that we would
imagine today, for the word serpent has changed its meaning
slightly since the Middle Ages. There are one or two intriguing
woodcut illustrations of these serpents in Caxton's book, and they
are all bipedal, scaled reptiles with large mouths:
'...about the marches of Italy, within a meadow, was sometime
a serpent of wonderful and right marvellous greatness, right
hideous and fearful. For first he had the head greater than
the head of a calf. Secondly, he had a neck of the length of
an ass, and his body made after the likeness of a dog. And his
tail was wonderfully great, thick and long, without comparison
to any other. A cow ... [seeing] ...so right horrible a beast,
she was all fearful and lift herself up and supposed to have
fled away. But the serpent, with his wonderfully long tail,
enlaced her two hind legs. And the serpent then began to suck
the cow. And indeed so much and so long he sucked that he
found some milk. And when the cow might escape from him, she
fled unto the other cows. And her paps and her hind legs, and
all that the serpent touched, was all black a great space of
time.' (16)
These accounts are clearly factual and witnessed reports rather
than fairy-tales, and are as close to journalistic reporting as we
shall ever see in works from the Middle Ages. But for a more modern
example of such journalistic reporting, let us consider the
following article that appeared recently in that most sober of
British journals, The Times:
'Japanese fishermen caught a dead monster, weighing two tons
and 30 feet in length, off the coast of New Zealand in April,
it was reported today. Believed to be a survivor of a
prehistoric species, the monster was caught at a depth of 1000
feet off the South Island coast, near Christchurch.
Paleontologists from the Natural Science Museum near Tokyo
have concluded that the beast belonged to the pleisiosaurus
family - huge, small-headed reptiles with a long neck and four
fins ... After a member of the crew had photographed and
measured it, the trawler's captain ordered the corpse to be
thrown back into the sea for fear of contamination to his
fish.' (17)
It is thought provoking to consider that the Japanese have no
problem with officially owning up to the present-day existence of
dragons, sea-monsters or dinosaurs. Indeed, they even issued a
postage-stamp with a picture of a pleisiosaurus to commemorate the
above find. Only we in the West seem to have a problem with the
present-day existence of these creatures, for only nine days after
the appearance of the Times article, it was somberly announced on
the 30th July 1977 by the BBC that the monster only looked like a
pleisiosaurus. It in fact was a shark that had decomposed in such a
way as to convey the impression that it had a long neck, a small
head and four large paddles. How they, or their informants at the
Natural History Museum in Kensington, could tell this since the
creature was no longer available for examination, we can only guess
at, especially considering that the marine biologist on board the
vessel, the Zuiyo-maru, had sketched the creatures skeletal
structure and it is nothing like that of a shark (see Figure 10.1).
Marine biologists are highly trained scientists whose ability to
detect disease and mutations in fish and marine mammals is crucial
to the health of the consumer let alone the profits of the fishing
vessel concerned, so their knowledge of marine life is necessarily
very great. Yet the BBC would have us believe that Michihiko Yano,
the government-trained and highly qualified marine biologist who
examined, photographed and measured the monster, wouldn't know a
dead shark when he saw one!
[Image]
http://www.best.com/~dolphin//cooper/fig10-1.gif
But western officialdom has not always been as averse as this at
acknowledging and even mentioning in official reports the existence
of creatures which are supposed by today's establishment to have
died out millions of years ago. The following, for example, was
penned only two hundred years ago in 1793 and describes creatures
that sound suspiciously like pterodactyls or similar. Remember, it
is an official and very sober government report that we are reading:
'In the end of November and beginning of December last, many
of the country people observeddragonsappearing in the north
and flying rapidly towards the east; from which they
concluded, and their conjecture5 were right, that...boisterous
weather would follow.'
This report is intriguing for the fact that exactly one thousand
years before an almost identical report made its appearance in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 793. The two accounts are
nothing more than country people being able to predict the weather
by observing the behaviour of the animals, which is a skill that
they have always possessed and used, and these accounts, combined
with later records of the years 1170, 1177, 1221 and 1222, of 1233
and of 1532, suggest that these creatures could tell the approach
of bad weather coming in off the Atlantic and simply migrated to
calmer regions while the bad weather lasted. Considering the
flimsiness and fragility of the wings of pterodactyls and similar
creatures, the reports make eminent sense.
But now we come to the most notable records of all. They are
written works that are remarkable for the graphic detail with which
they portray the giant reptiles that the early Saxons, Danes and
others encountered in Northern Europe and Scandinavia. In various
Nordic sagas the slaying of dragons is depicted in some detail, and
this helps us to reconstruct the physical appearance of some of
these creatures. In the Volsungassaga, for example, the slaying of
the monster Fafnir was accomplished by Sigurd digging a pit and
waiting, inside the pit, for the monster to crawl overhead on its
way to the water. This allowed Sigurd to attack the animal's soft
under-belly. Clearly, Fafnir walked on all fours with his belly
close to the ground.
Likewise, the Voluspa tells us of a certain monster which the early
Vikings called a Nithhoggr, its name ('corpse-tearer) revealing the
fact that it lived off carrion. Saxo Grammaticus, in his Gesta
Danorum, tells us of the Danish king Frotho's fight with a giant
reptile, and it is in the advice given by a local to the king, and
recorded by Saxo, that the monster is described in great detail. It
was, he says, a serpent:
'...wreathed in coils, doubled in many a fold, and with a tail
drawn out in winding whorls, shaking his manifold spirals and
shedding venom ... his slaver [saliva] burns up what it
bespattersyet [he tells the king in words that were doubtless
meant to encourage rather than dismay] ...remember to keep the
dauntless temper of thy mind; nor let the point of the jagged
tooth trouble thee, nor the starkness of the beast, nor the
venom there is a place under his lowest belly whither thou
mayst plunge the blade' (20)
The description of this reptilian monster closely resembles that of
the monster seen at Henham (see Note 11), and the two animals could
well have belonged to the same or similar species. Notable,
especially, is their defence mechanism of spitting corrosive venom
at their victims.
But it is the epic Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf (21) that provides us
with truly invaluable descriptions of the huge reptilian animals
which, only 1400 years ago, infested Denmark and other parts of
Europe, and we shall turn our attention now to a close and very
detailed examination of this most remarkable account.
Some Sites of 'Dinosaur' Activity Throughout Britain
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Aller, Somerset Llyn-y-Gader, Wales
Anwick, Lincolnshire Llyn-yr-Afanc, Wales
Bamburgh, Northumberland Loch Awe, Scotland
Beckhole, North Yorkshire Loch Maree, Scotland
Bedd-yr-Afanc, Wales Loch Morar, Scotland
Ben Vair, Scotland Loch Ness, Scotland
Bignor Hill, West Sussex Loch Rannoch, Scotland
Bishop Auckland, Durham Longwitton, Northumberland
Bisterne, Hampshire Ludham, Norfolk
Bren Pelham, Hertfordshire Lyminster, West Sussex
Brinsop, Hereford and Worcester Manaton, Devon
Bures, Suffolk Money Hill, Northumberland
Cadbury Castle, Devon Moston, Cheshire
Carhampton, Somerset Newcastle Emlyn, Wales
Castle Carlton, Lincolnshire Norton Fitzwarren, Hereford and
Castle Neroche, Somerset Worcester
Challacombe, Devon Nunnington, North Yorkshire
Churchstanton, Somerset Old Field Barrows (nr Bromfield)
Cnoc-na-Cnoimh, Scotland Shropshire
Crowcombe, Somerset Penllin Castle, Wales
Dalry, Scotland Penmark, Wales
Deerhurst, Gloucestershire Penmynydd, Wales
Dol-y-Carrog, Wales St Albans, Hertfordshire
Dragonhoard (nr Garsington), St Leonard's Forest, West Sussex
Oxfordshire St Osyth, Essex
Drake Howe, North Yorkshire Saffron Waldon, Essex
Drakelow, Derbyshire Sexhow, North Yorkshire
Drakelowe, Worcestershire Shervage Wood, Hereford and
Filey Brigg, North Yorkshire Worcester
Handale Priory, North Yorkshire Slingsby, North Yorkshire
Henham, Essex Sockburn, Durham
Hornden, Essex Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire
Kellington, North Yorkshire Strathmartin, Scotland
Kilve, Somerset Walmsgate, Lincolnshire
Kingston St Mary, Somerset Wantley, South Yorkshire
Lambton Castle, Durham Well, North Yorkshire
Linton, Scotland Wherwell, Hampshire
Little Cornard, Suffolk Whitehorse Hill, Oxfordshire
Llandeilo Graban, Wales Winkleigh, Devon
Llanraeadr-ym-Mochnant, Wales Wiston, Wales
Llyn Bartog, Wales Wormelow Tump, Hereford and
Llyn Cynwch (nr Dolgellau), Worcester
Wales Wormingford, Essex
Llyn Llion, Wales
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Notes
1. See e.g. 'Behemoth'. The New Bible Dictionary. InterVarsity
Press. London. 1972. p. 138.
2. ibid. pp. 729-30. See also Pfeiffer, C.F. 'Lotan and Leviathan'.
Evangelical Quarterly. XXXII. 1960. pp. 208 if.
3. Thorpe, Lewis tr. The History of the Kings of Britain, Geoffrey
of Monmouth. Guild Publishing. London. 1982. Pp. 101-2.
4. Jones, G. and Jones, T. [tr.]. The Mabinogion. Revis. ed.
Everyman's Library. J.M.Dent & Sons Ltd. 1974. pp. 209-212 & 217.
5. See Westwood, J. Albion. Granada. London. 1985. pp. 270, 275,
289.
6. Trevelyan, M. 1909. Folk-Lore and Folk Stories of Wales. (cit.
Simpson, J. British Dragons. B.T. Batsford Ltd. London. 1980).
7. Whitlock, R. 1983. Here Be Dragons. Allen & Unwin. Boston. pp.
133-4.
8. This chronicle was begun by John de Trokelow and finished by
Henry de Blaneford. It was translated and reproduced in the Rolls
Series. 1866. IV. ed. H.G. Riley. (cit. Simpson, J. British
Dragons. B.T. Batsford Ltd. 1980. p. 60).
9. ibid. p. 118. See also 'The Fighting Dragons of Little Cornard'.
Folklore, Myths and Legends of Britain. Reader's Digest. 1973. p.
241.
10. True and Wonderful: A Discourse Relating a Strange and
Monstrous Serpent (or Dragon. #lately discovered, and yet living,
to the great Annoyance and divers Slaughters of both Men and
Cattell, by his strong and violent Poison: in Sussex, two Miles
from Horsham, in a Woode called St Leonard's Forrest, and thirtie
Miles from London, this present month of August 1614. With the true
Generation of Serpents. cited in Harlejan Miscellany. 1745. III.
pp. 106-9. (also cit. Simpson. p. 118).
11. ibid. p. 35.
12. ibid. p. 21.
13. Gregory, Lady. Visions and Beliefs in the West of Ireland.
1920. (repr. 1976). (cit. Simpson. pp. 42-3).
14. See Steiger, B. Worlds Before Our Own. W. & J. Mackay Ltd.
Chatham (England). 1980. pp. 41-66. (Steiger is by no means a
creationist).
15. Caxton, Win. 1484. Aesop. folio 138. The only surviving copy of
this book lies in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle. This extract
appears here by gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen.
16. ibid. This extract appears here by gracious permission of Her
Majesty the Queen.
17. The Times. 2lst July 1977.
18. 'Flying Dragons at Aberdeen'. A Statistical Account of
Scotland. 1793. Vol. VI. p. 467.
19. See Morris, W. Volsungassaga.
20. Elton's translation cited by Klaeber, p. 259.
21. The Anglo-Saxon text relied on in this study is that of
Klaeber. See bibliography.
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Bill Cooper is a keen student of Bible history, archaeology and
paleontology. He first introduced he subject of living dinosaurs
in early records in Anglo-Saxon Dinosaurs As Described in Early
Historical Records, Creation Science Movement (England), Pamphlet
Series #280.
Bill Cooper, 87 Convent Rd., Ashford, MIDDX TW15 2HW, England
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Table of Contents and Introduction:
http://www.best.com/~dolphin//cooper/contents.html
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DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
==========
CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic
screeds are not allowed. Substance—not soapboxing! These are sordid matters
and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright
frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects
spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL
gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers;
be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credeence to Holocaust denial and
nazi's need not apply.
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
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Om
