A pump draws air in from the passenger cabin, a platinum catalyst converts any alcohol to acetic acid, which then produces a current proportional to the concentration of alcohol in the air.
I had an acquaintance years ago that always kept a bottle of cologne in the car. If he was ever pulled over after drinking, he would take a swig of the cologne before the cop got to his window. All the cop would then smell was the cologne and not the beer/whiskey/whatever he was drinking.
In any case, alcohol in the cabin does not equate to an impaired driver.
A chip analyses the data, and if it is too high, turns on a wireless transmitter that calls the police.
Hackable and able to be spoofed.
Cheers,
Dan