A QR code-based user-friendly visual cryptography scheme 
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   - Article
   - Open Access
   - Published: 10 May 2022

A QR code-based user-friendly visual cryptography scheme
   
   - Lijing Ren & 
   - Denghui Zhang 

Scientific Reports volume 12, Article number: 7667 (2022) Cite this article
   
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Abstract

Benefiting from the development of the Internet and smart devices, it is now 
convenient to transmit images anywhere and anytime, which poses a new challenge 
for image security. The Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) is a secret sharing 
method for protecting an image without a key, the merit of VCS is the human 
visual system (HVS) can restore the secret image by simply superimposing 
qualified shares, without any computation. To eliminate noise-like shares in 
traditional VCS, this paper presents a novel QR code-based expansion-free and 
meaningful visual cryptography scheme (QEVCS), which generates visually 
appealing QR codes for transmitting meaningful shares. When distributing on 
public networks, this scheme does not attract the attention of potential 
attackers. By limiting the gray-level of a halftoned image, QEVCS both keep the 
computation-free of visual cryptography and the size of recovery image same as 
the secret images. The experimental results show the effectiveness of QEVCS 
when preserving the privacy of images.

Introduction

In recent years, the rapid development of smart devices and 5G technologies 
have had a great impact on all walks of life, now people are enjoying 
conveniences brought by Internet services. As an important information carrier, 
digital images are widely used in fields including 

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