> If I understand correctly,  you mean formulating the problem using a 
> BlockMatrix and a BlockVector, then preconditioning each matrix of the block 
> independently?

Correct. You perform a block LU decomposition by hand and use that as
your preconditioner. Then approximate the blocks as best as you can.
The advantage is that you can exploit PDE specifics:
- lumping of mass matrices
- AMG/GMG for laplace-like operators
- ILU/Jacobi for mass matrix-like operators
- spectrally-equivalent matrices to approximate Schur complements
- and more

We have many tutorial steps that teach this (but not precisely for
your problem).

> I guess this would be best achieved using the linear operators within deal.II 
> right?

Not necessarily. See step-55 and step-57 for example. The linear
operator framework helps, especially to define implicit operators
(step-20), but is not required.

> What would be the added benefit of that? I would presume that since each 
> block have more "coherent units", this would at least to a better 
> conditioning of the final system, but is there anything else there?

I doubt you can get optimal preconditioners (in the sense of cost
independent of h and other problem parameters) without exploiting
PDE-specifics.


-- 
Timo Heister
http://www.math.clemson.edu/~heister/

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