Thanks Alexis, Tommi, Paul and many others for using rdiff-backup and contributing to the bug report https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=310442!
The latest version of rdiff-backup 2.2.2-1 is now available in Debian Sid and Bookworm: https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/rdiff-backup If you can still reproduce this issue or find other issues in how rdiff-backup itself works, please report it to upstream at https://github.com/rdiff-backup/rdiff-backup. The program behaviour on full disk is probably not something we will patch in Debian packaging, but it should be fixed upstream. The project was dormant for years, but current maintainer Eric Lavarde is active and has done a great job in resurrecting the main code base.