Sure, can provide more info...

============ /etc/network/interfaces :

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
        address xxx.yyy.zzz.32
        network xxx.yyy.zzz.0
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        broadcast xxx.yyy.zzz.255
        gateway xxx.yyy.zzz.100
        pre-up /etc/iptables/iptables.sh start
        post-down /etc/iptables/iptables.sh stop

# The secondary network interface
auto eth1
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth1 inet static
        address 192.168.42.100
        network 192.168.42.0
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        #broadcast 192.168.42.255
        gateway 192.168.42.100

=============== route result:

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
xxx.yyy.zzz.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0
192.168.42.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth1

===============

To reiterate:

* The fundamental breakdown involves communication over the eth0
        interface.  Things just seem to "hang" when trying stuff
        like apt-get update.

* ssh'ing into this machine from another host (directly to the IP of
        this machine) always works.

* firewall is "unchanged"; well, ok, added:
    $IPT -A OUTPUT -o eth1 ! -s 192.168.42.0/25 -j DROP
    $IPT -A OUTPUT -o eth1 -s 192.168.42.0/24 -j ACCEPT
    $IPT -A INPUT -i eth1 ! -s 192.168.42.0/24 -j DROP
    $IPT -A INPUT -i eth1 -s 192.168.42.0/24 -j ACCEPT
        All communication with 192.168.42.x devices is functional.
        Listing iptables -L -n -v shows eth0 where it should.
* simply turning firewall off (allowing everything)
        does not (at least by itself) fix eth0 communication.

* as you can see, this is IPs are entirely static - no dhcp
* "network-manager" not installed

Since turning eth1 entirely OFF seems key to restoring eth0 full
        functionality, I agree that somehow the system seems confused
        about which interface to use.

Any other thoughts/ideas welcome!

        -f
*


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