Hi Alex,

Option 1b certainly makes sense to me. I support going in that direction.

I'd propose opening a PR for that merging it before proceeding to test code
changes.

In general, if 1b is acceptable, I'd think H2 should be removed [1] from
tests and replaced with PostgreSQL or NoSQL InMemory. With that in mind,
updating tests on a case-by-case basis seems reasonable to me. We can
decide separately in each PR.

[1] https://lists.apache.org/thread/g1gg2w8hn9gvlmwrdh0x218whoh2wd39

Cheers,
Dmitri.


On Fri, Jul 17, 2026 at 12:59 PM Alexandre Dutra <[email protected]> wrote:

> Hi Dmitri, hi all,
>
> Unfortunately I'm not sure your interpretation matches mine, so let's
> try to wrap up this discussion methodically.
>
> We agreed to deprecate TreeMapMetaStore for removal. But we haven't
> reached consensus on two questions:
>
> 1) What should be the default metastore in the server image?
> 2) How to replace TreeMapMetaStore in tests?
>
> Question 1) is tricky and needs a clear decision. We have only two
> options for a smooth UX (aka, "docker run apache/polaris" just works):
>
> - Option 1a: JDBC+H2
> - Option 1b: NoSQL+InMemory
>
> Option 1a is hard because it requires either my work on [4812]
> (runtime activated datasources) or Yufei's work on [4984] (unmanaged
> datasources). It also *requires* the H2 driver to be bundled by
> default, which some people are not comfortable with. In short, I don't
> see this option being feasible any time soon.
>
> Therefore, I think option 1b is much easier, and that would be my
> preference.
>
> Question 2) is not as urgent, as I'm fairly sure we can find a
> solution as we go. I can see a few options:
> - Option 2a: migrate to JDBC+H2
> - Option 2b: migrate to NoSQL+InMemory
> - Option 2c: decide on a case-by-case basis
>
> My personal preference would be 2c.
>
> Can we try to reach consensus on the two questions please?
>
> Thanks,
> Alex
>
> [4812]: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/4812
> [4984]: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/4984
>
> On Mon, Jul 6, 2026 at 8:29 PM Dmitri Bourlatchkov <[email protected]>
> wrote:
> >
> > Hi All,
> >
> > My interpretation of the discussion so far is that:
> >
> > 1) We do want to deprecate the TreeMap MetaStore for removal
> >
> > 2) JDBC + PostgreSQL should be used for testing as well as NoSQL +
> MongoDB
> > (I believe it is in fact the case in current CI).
> >
> > 3) Instead of the TreeMap MetaStore, we will use the in-memory NoSQL
> > MetaStore (for lightweight tests)
> >
> > Now, H2 becomes irrevant, IMHO, but removing it is being discussed
> > separately [1].
> >
> > How does that sound?
> >
> > [1] https://lists.apache.org/thread/g1gg2w8hn9gvlmwrdh0x218whoh2wd39
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Dmitri.
> >
> > On Fri, Jul 3, 2026 at 5:25 AM Alexandre Dutra <[email protected]>
> wrote:
> >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > I'm confused: security concerns were previously raised here [1] and
> > > here [2] about bundling the H2 driver due to its past record of
> > > critical CVEs.
> > >
> > > As a result, I assumed the JDBC+H2 option had been abandoned. Has this
> > > proposal been brought back into consideration?
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > > Alex
> > >
> > > [1]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/jq41dpqoys551wf30qkf0wcwxssxo3qj
> > > [2]: https://lists.apache.org/thread/qdzb3lt8fwbpkjyd3lh07ylxr6wpwn1r
> > >
> > >
> > > On Fri, Jul 3, 2026 at 8:54 AM Jean-Baptiste Onofré <[email protected]>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > Hi
> > > >
> > > > Yeah fully agree and it was my point when I replied on the thread
> > > > initially.
> > > >
> > > > Regards
> > > > JB
> > > >
> > > > Le jeu. 2 juil. 2026 à 23:32, Yufei Gu <[email protected]> a
> écrit :
> > > >
> > > > > If our goal is to make the default experience closer to production
> > > > > while removing TreeMap, then JDBC with H2 seems like a more natural
> > > > > choice. It exercises the same persistence layer, schema management,
> > > > > and configuration that users will encounter in production, while
> still
> > > > > keeping setup lightweight.
> > > > >
> > > > > Yufei
> > > > >
> > > > > Yufei
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jul 2, 2026 at 3:46 AM Alexandre Dutra <[email protected]>
> > > wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hi Russell,
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The existing default metastore shouldn't be viewed merely as a
> > > > > > "relatively simple, self-contained implementation": it has unique
> > > > > > quirks, such as returning result types that no other metastore
> does.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Choosing the status quo simply to avoid making changes is imho
> the
> > > > > > worst solution.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Transitioning to the NoSQL metastore as the default remains a net
> > > > > > benefit, even if it is only used by 30% of the user base.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > However, I agree with keeping the test suite on JDBC + H2 by
> default
> > > > > > if that ensures a higher level of confidence in our tests
> ability to
> > > > > > reproduce real production setups.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > > Alex
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Wed, Jul 1, 2026 at 12:23 AM Russell Spitzer
> > > > > > <[email protected]> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I agree TreeMap and its associated transactional stack should
> be
> > > > > deprecated.
> > > > > > > It’s test-only, confusing, and not used by JDBC production
> paths.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > I’m less convinced that NoSQL + InMemory is a clearly superior
> > > > > replacement
> > > > > > > for TreeMap in tests. At the storage layer it’s essentially the
> > > same
> > > > > class
> > > > > > > of
> > > > > > >  thing: an in-memory, non-durable backend. The difference is
> that
> > > it
> > > > > > > exercises
> > > > > > > a completely different MetaStoreManager/persistence stack
> > > > > > > (NoSqlMetaStoreManager
> > > > > > > vs TransactionalMetaStoreManagerImpl), not the JDBC path most
> > > > > deployments
> > > > > > > use. It
> > > > > > > replaces a relatively simple, self-contained implementation
> with
> > > > > something
> > > > > > > that is
> > > > > > > part of a much more complicated persistence stack, while
> remaining
> > > > > > > non-durable
> > > > > > > and test-only at the storage layer.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > For the problems originally raised (test-grade defaults, dead
> > > > > production
> > > > > > > path, developer confusion),
> > > > > > > JDBC + H2 seems like an actual fix.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Mon, Jun 29, 2026 at 2:06 PM Dmitri Bourlatchkov <
> > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Hi Alex,
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > I tend to agree that the DataSource discussion related to H2
> > > became
> > > > > a bit
> > > > > > > > convoluted, and it's a lot simpler to use the NoSQL in-memory
> > > > > persistence
> > > > > > > > instead.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > Cheers,
> > > > > > > > Dmitri.
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > On Mon, Jun 29, 2026 at 1:57 PM Alexandre Dutra <
> > > [email protected]>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Hi all,
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Some updates on this:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I recently started a separate discussion regarding dynamic
> > > > > datasource
> > > > > > > > > activation at runtime [1]. This was intended as a
> prerequisite
> > > for
> > > > > > > > > adopting H2 as the default JDBC driver, as suggested on
> this
> > > > > thread.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > However, that proposal may end up being rejected.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Given this situation, we should reconsider our options. If
> the
> > > > > > > > > PostgreSQL + H2 approach is no longer a viable replacement
> to
> > > the
> > > > > > > > > TreeMapMetaStore, I propose an alternative: let's use the
> NoSQL
> > > > > > > > > metastore with an InMemory backend.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > My reasoning is as follows:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > 1. It remains a production-ready metastore, so strictly
> > > superior to
> > > > > > > > > TreeMapMetaStore.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > 2. The metastore state update logic is the same regardless
> of
> > > the
> > > > > > > > > backend, so we're still close to a real production setup
> (same
> > > as
> > > > > with
> > > > > > > > > an in-memory JDBC driver).
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > 3. It doesn't require any external dependencies (no bundled
> > > > > driver).
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > I'd also note that while the NoSQL metastore is already
> > > included
> > > > > > > > > today, it is not actionable because no backend is
> available.
> > > This
> > > > > goes
> > > > > > > > > against the onboarding UX that we're trying to achieve, as
> > > users
> > > > > > > > > interested in Polaris with the NoSQL metastore cannot test
> this
> > > > > setup
> > > > > > > > > with the official image.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Therefore, I think NoSQL + InMemory would serve as a more
> > > > > appropriate
> > > > > > > > > default setup for the official Polaris image.
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > From what I see, it would boil down to adding one line to
> > > > > > > > > polaris-server or polaris-service:
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> runtimeOnly(project(":polaris-persistence-nosql-db-inmemory"))
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > What are your thoughts on this?
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > > > > > Alex
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > [1]:
> > > > > https://lists.apache.org/thread/jy6wb186h94n9q86kv01shbn68ppr6gv
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > On Fri, Jun 19, 2026 at 12:07 PM Alexandre Dutra <
> > > > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Hi all,
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > I wanted to give an update on this topic: I have started
> > > working
> > > > > on
> > > > > > > > > > this, but I would like to have [4812] merged first, since
> > > that's
> > > > > a
> > > > > > > > > > prerequisite.
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > > > > > > Alex
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > [4812]: https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/4812
> > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > On Tue, Jun 16, 2026 at 5:15 PM Russell Spitzer
> > > > > > > > > > <[email protected]> wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > I believe the original idea of TreeMapMetastore was
> that it
> > > > > looked
> > > > > > > > very
> > > > > > > > > > >  similar to FoundationDB from an API perspective, so it
> > > served
> > > > > well
> > > > > > > > as
> > > > > > > > > a
> > > > > > > > > > > test system for the original backend being developed
> at SF.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > I agree that H2 + JDBC makes sense to me now for the
> > > project.
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > On Tue, Jun 16, 2026 at 10:03 AM Alexandre Dutra <
> > > > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > Hi all,
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > Thank you for your feedback.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > There seems to be a general agreement on the idea of
> > > > > deprecating
> > > > > > > > > > > > TreeMapMetaStore, coupled with the JDBC + H2
> solution for
> > > > > tests.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > In most modules, the tests migration won't pose any
> > > serious
> > > > > > > > > > > > challenges, as replacing the metastore is generally
> just
> > > a
> > > > > matter
> > > > > > > > of
> > > > > > > > > > > > changing the configuration, and making sure the
> realm is
> > > > > properly
> > > > > > > > > > > > bootstrapped.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > There will be, however, a few tricky situations in
> > > > > polaris-core: a
> > > > > > > > > few
> > > > > > > > > > > > tests rely on the TreeMapMetaStore, mostly as a test
> > > > > convenience;
> > > > > > > > but
> > > > > > > > > > > > there is no obvious replacement for it in that
> module. I
> > > am
> > > > > however
> > > > > > > > > > > > confident that we can find a solution for that,
> either
> > > based
> > > > > on
> > > > > > > > > mocks,
> > > > > > > > > > > > or by bringing in a real metastore.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > If no objections are raised, I am going to prepare a
> PR
> > > for
> > > > > this.
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > > > > > > > > Alex
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > On Tue, Jun 16, 2026 at 3:28 PM Dmitri Bourlatchkov <
> > > > > > > > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > Hi Alex,
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks for starting this thread.
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > I also find the TransactionalMetaStoreManagerImpl
> and
> > > > > related
> > > > > > > > call
> > > > > > > > > paths
> > > > > > > > > > > > > conuising in Apache Polaris code.
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > I support promoting H2 to the default (in memory)
> > > > > Persistence
> > > > > > > > > backend for
> > > > > > > > > > > > > getting started cases. This should also resolve the
> > > old H2
> > > > > > > > > evolution
> > > > > > > > > > > > thread
> > > > > > > > > > > > > [1] by ensuring it is used regularly on the same
> code
> > > > > paths as
> > > > > > > > > > > > PostgreSQL.
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > Deprecating TransactionalMetaStoreManagerImpl for
> > > removal
> > > > > also
> > > > > > > > > sounds
> > > > > > > > > > > > > reasonable to me. Existing downstream users
> > > > > > > > > > > > > of TransactionalMetaStoreManagerImpl will have
> time to
> > > > > migrate,
> > > > > > > > or
> > > > > > > > > even
> > > > > > > > > > > > > embed that code (per ASF license) into local
> builds,
> > > > > during the
> > > > > > > > > > > > deprecation
> > > > > > > > > > > > > phase.
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > [1]
> > > > > > > > >
> > > https://lists.apache.org/thread/g1gg2w8hn9gvlmwrdh0x218whoh2wd39
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > Cheers,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > Dmitri.
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > On Fri, Jun 12, 2026 at 11:24 AM Alexandre Dutra <
> > > > > > > > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > > > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Hi all,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > I am writing to ask the community whether it is
> OK to
> > > > > deprecate
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > TreeMapMetaStore, as well as all the in-memory
> > > metastore
> > > > > > > > manager,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > metastore manager factory, and persistence types
> that
> > > > > rely
> > > > > > > > > solely on
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > TreeMapMetaStore.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > As we know, these components are test-grade only,
> > > and not
> > > > > > > > > suitable for
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > production. They trigger a production readiness
> > > alert on
> > > > > > > > Polaris
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > startup. It's a considerable amount of code that
> is
> > > > > virtually
> > > > > > > > > dead in
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > production.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > It's also confusing for developers. E.g. the
> > > > > "transactional"
> > > > > > > > > metastore
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > is not transactional in the JDBC sense of the
> term,
> > > and
> > > > > thus
> > > > > > > > not
> > > > > > > > > used
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > by JDBC persistence. It also has its quirks: some
> > > return
> > > > > > > > > statuses are
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > only returned by that manager.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > However, these components are used in tests, and
> I
> > > agree
> > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > it's
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > useful to have an in-memory version of the
> > > persistence
> > > > > layer
> > > > > > > > for
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > tests. But we have today two alternatives that
> are
> > > imho
> > > > > > > > superior
> > > > > > > > > for
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > tests in polaris-runtime-service:
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - JDBC persistence with H2 backend. There are
> > > already a
> > > > > few
> > > > > > > > tests
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > using this setup.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - NoSQL persistence with InMemory backend.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Both alternatives test real production-grade
> > > persistence
> > > > > code.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > And finally, TreeMapMetaStore is currently the
> > > default
> > > > > runtime
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > persistence in application.properties; and the
> Helm
> > > > > chart also
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > advertises it as the default. These are not sane
> > > > > defaults,
> > > > > > > > imho.
> > > > > > > > > It's
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > always tricky to provide a good default for
> > > datastores,
> > > > > but
> > > > > > > > > since JDBC
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > persistence is included by default in the server
> > > image,
> > > > > I think
> > > > > > > > > that
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > including the H2 driver by default could give us
> a
> > > saner
> > > > > > > > default
> > > > > > > > > while
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > keeping the out-of-the-box experience intact (the
> > > > > license is
> > > > > > > > > Category
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > A).
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Concretely:
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > On the MetaStoreManagerFactory hierarchy, the
> > > following
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > implementations are completely in-memory:
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - InMemoryPolarisMetaStoreManagerFactory: could
> be
> > > > > removed
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - InMemoryAtomicOperationMetaStoreManagerFactory:
> > > could
> > > > > be
> > > > > > > > > removed
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - LocalPolarisMetaStoreManagerFactory: is the
> base
> > > class
> > > > > of the
> > > > > > > > > two
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > above; imho it can be removed, but since it's an
> > > abstract
> > > > > > > > class,
> > > > > > > > > it
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > may have been extended outside Polaris. But
> neither
> > > JDBC
> > > > > nor
> > > > > > > > > NoSQL use
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > it.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > On the PolarisMetaStoreManager hierarchy:
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - TransactionalMetaStoreManagerImpl: is only
> used by
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > LocalPolarisMetaStoreManagerFactory. JDBC and
> NoSQL
> > > do
> > > > > not use
> > > > > > > > > it.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Could be removed.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - TransactionWorkspaceMetaStoreManager however
> is a
> > > > > different
> > > > > > > > > beast,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > in spite of the similar name. It is in use today
> on
> > > the
> > > > > commit
> > > > > > > > > path,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > so should not be removed.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > On the BasePersistence hierarchy:
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - TreeMapTransactionalPersistenceImpl and its
> > > > > TreeMapMetaStore
> > > > > > > > > are
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > only used by
> InMemoryPolarisMetaStoreManagerFactory,
> > > and
> > > > > could
> > > > > > > > be
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > removed;
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > - TransactionalPersistence and
> > > > > > > > AbstractTransactionalPersistence:
> > > > > > > > > these
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > are supertypes of
> TreeMapTransactionalPersistenceImpl
> > > > > and thus
> > > > > > > > > only
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > used for in-memory. They imo can be removed, but
> they
> > > > > might
> > > > > > > > have
> > > > > > > > > been
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > extended or implemented outside Polaris.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > I think it's important to keep Polaris code tidy
> by
> > > > > removing
> > > > > > > > > unused,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > unimplementable, or test-grade only components.
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > What are your thoughts?
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks,
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Alex
> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > > >
> > > > > > > >
> > > > >
> > >
>

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