Hi everyone,

I am resuming work on this proposal.

Regarding our recent discussion, I will move forward with opening a
draft PR for the /api/shares/v1 endpoint to help illustrate the
design.

I will update this thread once the PR is ready.

Thanks,
JB

On Fri, Aug 7, 2026 at 5:04 PM Dmitri Bourlatchkov <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Dennis,
>
> Thanks for the recap!
>
> I was thinking that share management is probably distinct from catalog
> management. A user who already has a realm+catalog may have an option to
> manage shares, but not the catalog itself. Would it make sense to separate
> the share management API from the general Polaris management API? I mean
> using a different prefix for URIs.
>
> For example: /api/shares/v1/
>
> Obviously clients should not make any assumptions about the base path
> (/api/shares), which could be different in different deployments (e.g.
> going through a gateway). Clients must be able to take the base URI as a
> config option. Path segments after /v1/ will be specified by Polaris (Open
> API yaml).
>
> WDYT?
>
> Thanks,
> Dmitri.
>
> On Fri, Aug 7, 2026 at 3:52 AM Dennis Huo <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> > Just to recap some of the discussion from today's community sync, Dmitri,
> > Robert, and Alex helped raise a few considerations to roll into the next
> > design/prototyping phase:
> >
> > 1. Given the way sharing is packaged as a separate thing, it may not be
> > obvious to users that historical snapshots are equally available to
> > consumers as the latest snapshot (by virtue of sharing via the standard IRC
> > protocol) - we should make sure to document that fact well, including the
> > pitfall that deleting rows by updating a table doesn't necessarily mean
> > those rows become inaccessible to consumers
> > 2. Make sure not to hard-code assumptions about the existence of an
> > internal PrincipalEntity backing an ExternalConsumer - even if the first
> > MVP implementation uses a nested/hidden Principal of some type that holds a
> > Polaris-managed client_id/client_secret, the 3rd-party IdP use cases
> > require "implicit" Principals resolved via the oauth token. In such cases
> > the ExternalConsumer contains the metadata coordinating the three-way
> > handshake between the data-provider, data-consumer, and IdP, but there is
> > no PrincipalEntity underlying it.
> > 3. Longer-term, we may want to tackle "on-behalf-of" semantics - initially,
> > the way an ExternalConsumer works is that the finer-grained consumer users
> > share a single ExternalConsumer identity, just like how a FEDERATED catalog
> > shares a single service principal in its ConnectionConfig. But in some
> > cases the consumer may want some end-to-end attribution of fine-grained
> > users, like "on-behalf-of: bob @ consumercompany.com" when the
> > ExternalConsumer implicit principal is something like
> > "externalconsumer$consumercompany"
> > 4. We can iterate more rapidly on a draft spec PR and also expand on the
> > detailed technical design
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Dennis
> >
> > On Thu, Jul 23, 2026 at 6:12 PM Dennis Huo <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > > Thanks JB for reviving this thread, and belated thanks to all reviewers
> > > who have left feedback in the doc or this thread so far! And apologies
> > for
> > > the silence on this, it's still been on my radar but I got distracted by
> > > some other work for awhile.
> > >
> > > Echoing JB's summary, the proposal is indeed that we're mostly just
> > > reusing existing Authz/RBAC machinery, and the translation layer to the
> > new
> > > sharing concepts sits *on top of* the existing authz engine as much as
> > > possible.
> > >
> > > So even if we're adding layers of indirection on ExternalConsumer/Listing
> > > -> Principal/PrincipalRole/CatalogRole+grants, the parts that end up
> > doing
> > > the underlying authz just reuse existing Authorizer logic.
> > >
> > > Based on some other offline discussion with Dmitri, I realized why the
> > > discussion around "requirements" may have been confusing:
> > >
> > > 1. My attempts to shorten the doc inadvertently cut out some of the more
> > > "abstract requirements" formulations
> > > 2. The project in itself is somewhat more of a "form *as* function"
> > > feature than *strictly* functional in nature -- for example, many
> > correctly
> > > pointed out that "sharing" via the existing RBAC/Principals syntax is
> > > already *possible* just by letting a cross-org "consumer" be a
> > first-class
> > > principal and access your own company's main Polaris catalog endpoints.
> > >
> > > For (1) I added this to the Requirements section in the doc to better
> > > clarify the abstract form of the data model element:
> > >
> > > *A. Sharing Container*: Container concept for holding things you want to
> > > share - “ShareEntity”
> > > *B. Consumer Identity*: Special flavor of principal-like entity
> > > representing a consumer relationship - “ExternalConsumer”
> > > *C. Map Containers to Consumers*: A way to specify letting a given
> > > consumer access a given sharing container - “Listing”
> > > *D. Consumer Endpoint*: A segregated API access-point for consumers -
> > > “EndpointConfig”
> > > *E. Objects in Containers*: A way to specify which in-catalog objects
> > > belong in the big sharing container - “ShareMembership”
> > >
> > > This still bakes in a bit of implementation detail since it begs the
> > > question why not just let core RBAC/grants handle (C) and (E). To that
> > end,
> > > and addressing problem (2) of where the "form *is* function", I added a
> > > "Concept Mapping" tab:
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y0yQi5iWbmuTHPkFiIs7WjIiC3EXJTl1PzZ-wtoRnZ0/edit?tab=t.rms5bxy0jntc#heading=h.wuh830gzomt0
> > >
> > > I think the details of more advanced features can still be hashed out
> > > incrementally without blocking work on an MVP (and certainly the MVP
> > scope
> > > could be trimmed so we can launch-and-iterate), so as long as there's
> > > community alignment on the general direction I propose we could move
> > > forward on basic building blocks. Or if building blocks themselves are
> > > controversial we could still proceed with some prototyping across
> > different
> > > options.
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > > Dennis
> > >
> > > On Tue, Jul 21, 2026 at 10:44 PM Jean-Baptiste Onofré <[email protected]>
> > > wrote:
> > >
> > >> Hi everyone,
> > >>
> > >> I would like to resume the discussion about Data Sharing in Polaris
> > >> and propose focusing on three major items to help us move forward.
> > >>
> > >> 1.  What is data sharing?
> > >>     In a nutshell, it is an open protocol proposal allowing
> > >> organizations to share live data without copying or replication. The
> > >> main goal is zero-copy sharing achieved through shared metadata and
> > >> authorization.
> > >>
> > >> On Polaris, this would mean:
> > >> a. The consumer is authenticated as usual.
> > >> b. The Polaris server provides the consumer with direct access to the
> > >> data files (e.g., Parquet, as specified in the metadata.json).
> > >> c. The consumer reads the data files directly using their preferred
> > >> tool (e.g., a query engine).
> > >>
> > >> While Polaris already has most of the necessary underlying
> > >> capabilities, we need clear branding/packaging around this use case.
> > >> Specifically, this means:
> > >> a. A share is a dedicated catalog in the Polaris server, or a catalog
> > >> role scoped to specific namespaces.
> > >> b. A recipient is represented by a principal and a principal role.
> > >> c. A consumer profile consists of the catalog URI and the OAuth2
> > >> client_id/client_secret.
> > >> d. We use credential vending (temporary STS credentials) for consumer
> > >> access to the data files.
> > >> e. We use the Polaris IRC layer to expose the metadata and the file
> > >> locations/access.
> > >> f. We can also support Polaris-to-Polaris sharing via Federation.
> > >>
> > >> Concretely:
> > >>
> > >>   - On the provider side, we use the standard Polaris RBAC model
> > >> (assigning grants to catalog roles, and assigning those catalog roles
> > >> to principal roles):
> > >>       - Create a dedicated principal with its own
> > client_id/client_secret.
> > >>       - Create a catalog role with TABLE_READ_DATA, TABLE_LIST, and
> > >> NAMESPACE_LIST grants on the namespaces to be shared (no write
> > >> grants).
> > >>       - Create a principal role per destination, attach the catalog
> > >> role, and assign the principal.
> > >>       - The destination engine uses loadTable with the
> > >> "X-Iceberg-Access-Delegation: vended-credentials" header. Polaris then
> > >> emits temporary, read-only storage credentials, allowing the engine to
> > >> read the data files directly from the owner's bucket without accessing
> > >> the rest of the bucket. This achieves zero-copy sharing.
> > >>   - On the recipient/consumer side, no special configuration is
> > >> needed; any IRC client can use it.
> > >>
> > >> 2.  What is data sharing not?
> > >>     I previously considered adding an Arrow Flight endpoint to
> > >> Polaris, but I no longer think it is a good idea for the initial
> > >> phase. An Arrow Flight endpoint would serve the data directly, which
> > >> would require Polaris to read the data and expose it. I am against
> > >> embedding a query engine in Polaris, as this tight coupling feels like
> > >> an anti-pattern. While we could use a delegation service to serve the
> > >> Flight endpoint, I think it should be considered for a later phase, if
> > >> at all, since a Flight endpoint might be better suited as a consumer
> > >> responsibility and could encourage data copying.
> > >>
> > >> The first phase should focus on packaging and branding the
> > >> capabilities we already have.
> > >>
> > >> 3.  What could the Data Sharing "package" look like in Polaris?
> > >>     To make Data Sharing obvious and easy to use, we should introduce
> > >> the missing concept of a "share"—a named definition that users can
> > >> list, discover, and define. The goal is to materialize the user's
> > >> intent ("I want to share these tables with this consumer until this
> > >> date") into standard Polaris entities (principal, principal role,
> > >> catalog role, and grants).
> > >>
> > >> Therefore, I propose adding a /shares endpoint to the Polaris
> > >> Management API to package and materialize these share definitions into
> > >> Polaris entities. This would provide a usable, first-version package
> > >> for Polaris Data Sharing.
> > >>
> > >> I hope this addresses Dmitri's questions and provides a more concrete
> > >> scenario for Polaris Data Sharing.
> > >>
> > >> Thoughts?
> > >>
> > >> Regards,
> > >> JB
> > >>
> > >> On Thu, May 28, 2026 at 7:46 AM Dennis Huo <[email protected]> wrote:
> > >> >
> > >> > Hi All,
> > >> >
> > >> > One big emerging enterprise use case coming up as more people
> > >> consolidate
> > >> > Data Lakehouses and Catalogs is something commonly known as "Data
> > >> Sharing",
> > >> > an more specifically over the course of adoption of open table formats
> > >> > "Open Data Sharing".
> > >> >
> > >> > Examples of existing managed service providers' Data Sharing features:
> > >> >
> > >> > https://www.databricks.com/product/delta-sharing
> > >> > https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/data-sharing-intro
> > >> >
> > https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html
> > >> >
> > https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/analytics-hub-introduction
> > >> >
> > >>
> > https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/fabric/governance/external-data-sharing-overview
> > >> >
> > >> > The basic idea is that when you share data between different
> > companies,
> > >> you
> > >> > need a first-class governance/management layer and extra
> > >> bells-and-whistles
> > >> > that are distinct from just the basic capabilities of RBAC or
> > >> generalized
> > >> > access-control (i.e. if you're sharing across partially-untrusted org
> > >> > boundaries, you don't just let the consumer organization log into your
> > >> > datalake like one of your own employees).
> > >> >
> > >> > JB and I put together this high-level proposal for supporting Open
> > >> Sharing
> > >> > in Polaris:
> > >> >
> > >> >
> > >>
> > https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Y0yQi5iWbmuTHPkFiIs7WjIiC3EXJTl1PzZ-wtoRnZ0/edit?usp=sharing
> > >> >
> > >> > Tentatively, it means adding ~5 logical data model constructs, some of
> > >> > which may be a first-class PolarisEntity type, others subtypes of
> > >> existing
> > >> > entities, and others just a nested construct:
> > >> >
> > >> >    - ShareEntity (would behave similarly to a Catalog)
> > >> >    - ExternalConsumer (mostly inherits from Principal)
> > >> >    - Listing (Similar to a "role grant" but has different metadata)
> > >> >    - EndpointConfig (nested config under Listing)
> > >> >    - ShareMembership (Similar to a "securable grant" but different
> > >> metadata)
> > >> >
> > >> > Feedback/comments welcome! I'll also bring it up for live discussion
> > if
> > >> > there's time in the community sync.
> > >> >
> > >> > Cheers,
> > >> > Dennis
> > >>
> > >
> >

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