Research done by private research firms have addressed this problem.

For medium length messages in the broadcast mode, they suggest heavy FEC.  For 
longer messages they suggest less FEC and NAKs.  For critical messages of any 
length they suggest FEC and ACKs.

For many receiving stations, they suggest medium to heavy FEC.

Their research grant was for a national/international national command 
structure type message for many receivers.  The length of their message was not 
revealed.

The research done is considered intellectual property.

They did find that the number of bits recovered from a single tone carrier that 
is generally used is less than what can easily be obtained.  I do know that the 
computers they used were all of the single Intel P4 category.  The mode(s) they 
used were all developed on common sound cards as well as special hardware 
soundcards.

Walt/K5YFW

-----Original Message-----
From: digitalradio@yahoogroups.com [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Thursday, August 24, 2006 9:13 AM
To: digitalradio@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [digitalradio] The digital throughput challenge on HF

[stuff deleted]

If you want to "broadcast" a message from one to many, then the only 
practical alternative is to use a non-ARQ mode, typically with a large 
amount of FEC. While this is done on amateur frequencies for sending a 
bulletin, calling CQ, and having a roundtable, if your goal is to have 
accurate messaging, then I don't see any option other than a good ARQ 
system.

73,

Rick, KV9U



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