Hi all, I have been trying to send data between 2 USRP's from the benchmark_tx file only to observe that I have been receiving this error.
Traceback (most recent call last): File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 147, in <module> main() File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 111, in main tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options) File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 49, in __init__ options.antenna, options.verbose) File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 135, in __init__ freq, gain, antenna)Hi all, I have been trying to send data between 2 USRP's from the benchmark_tx file only to observe that I have been receiving this error. Traceback (most recent call last): File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 147, in <module> main() File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 111, in main tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options) File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 49, in __init__ options.antenna, options.verbose) File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 135, in __init__ freq, gain, antenna) File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 62, in __init__ self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps) File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 70, in set_sample_rate asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'float' and 'NoneType' I am unable to understand what this error means? I have tried to search in the Internet about this but found nothing relevant. Please advice as to what I can do? Thanks, Dave File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 62, in __init__ self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps) File "/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py", line 70, in set_sample_rate asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'float' and 'NoneType' I am unable to understand what this error means? I have tried to search in the Internet about this but found nothing relevant. Please advice as to what I can do? Thanks, Dave
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is part of GNU Radio # # GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) # any later version. # # GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to # the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, # Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. # from gnuradio import gr from gnuradio import eng_notation from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from optparse import OptionParser # From gr-digital from gnuradio import digital # from current dir from transmit_path import transmit_path from uhd_interface import uhd_transmitter import time, struct, sys #import os #print os.getpid() #raw_input('Attach and press enter') class my_top_block(gr.top_block): def __init__(self, modulator, options): gr.top_block.__init__(self) if(options.tx_freq is not None): self.sink = uhd_transmitter(options.address, options.bitrate, options.samples_per_symbol, options.tx_freq, options.tx_gain, options.antenna, options.verbose) options.samples_per_symbol = self.sink._sps elif(options.to_file is not None): sys.stderr.write(("Saving samples to '%s'.\n\n" % (options.to_file))) self.sink = gr.file_sink(gr.sizeof_gr_complex, options.to_file) else: sys.stderr.write("No sink defined, dumping samples to null sink.\n\n") self.sink = gr.null_sink(gr.sizeof_gr_complex) # do this after for any adjustments to the options that may # occur in the sinks (specifically the UHD sink) self.txpath = transmit_path(modulator, options) self.connect(self.txpath, self.sink) # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # main # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// def main(): def send_pkt(payload='', eof=False): return tb.txpath.send_pkt(payload, eof) mods = digital.modulation_utils.type_1_mods() parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option, conflict_handler="resolve") expert_grp = parser.add_option_group("Expert") parser.add_option("-m", "--modulation", type="choice", choices=mods.keys(), default='psk', help="Select modulation from: %s [default=%%default]" % (', '.join(mods.keys()),)) parser.add_option("-s", "--size", type="eng_float", default=1500, help="set packet size [default=%default]") parser.add_option("-M", "--megabytes", type="eng_float", default=1.0, help="set megabytes to transmit [default=%default]") parser.add_option("","--discontinuous", action="store_true", default=False, help="enable discontinous transmission (bursts of 5 packets)") parser.add_option("","--from-file", default=None, help="use intput file for packet contents") parser.add_option("","--to-file", default=None, help="Output file for modulated samples") transmit_path.add_options(parser, expert_grp) uhd_transmitter.add_options(parser) for mod in mods.values(): mod.add_options(expert_grp) (options, args) = parser.parse_args () if len(args) != 0: parser.print_help() sys.exit(1) if options.from_file is not None: source_file = open(options.from_file, 'r') # build the graph tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options) r = gr.enable_realtime_scheduling() if r != gr.RT_OK: print "Warning: failed to enable realtime scheduling" tb.start() # start flow graph # generate and send packets nbytes = int(1e6 * options.megabytes) n = 0 pktno = 0 pkt_size = int(options.size) while n < nbytes: if options.from_file is None: data = (pkt_size - 2) * chr(pktno & 0xff) else: data = source_file.read(pkt_size - 2) if data == '': break; payload = struct.pack('!H', pktno & 0xffff) + data send_pkt(payload) n += len(payload) sys.stderr.write('.') if options.discontinuous and pktno % 5 == 4: time.sleep(1) pktno += 1 send_pkt(eof=True) tb.wait() # wait for it to finish if __name__ == '__main__': try: main() except KeyboardInterrupt: pass
#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is part of GNU Radio # # GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) # any later version. # # GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to # the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, # Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. # from gnuradio import gr, uhd from gnuradio import eng_notation from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option from optparse import OptionParser import sys def add_freq_option(parser): """ Hackery that has the -f / --freq option set both tx_freq and rx_freq """ def freq_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser): parser.values.rx_freq = value parser.values.tx_freq = value if not parser.has_option('--freq'): parser.add_option('-f', '--freq', type="eng_float", action="callback", callback=freq_callback, help="set Tx and/or Rx frequency to FREQ [default=%default]", metavar="FREQ") class uhd_interface: def __init__(self, istx, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None, gain=None, antenna=None): if(istx): self.u = uhd.usrp_sink(device_addr=args, io_type=uhd.io_type.COMPLEX_FLOAT32, num_channels=1) else: self.u = uhd.usrp_source(device_addr=args, io_type=uhd.io_type.COMPLEX_FLOAT32, num_channels=1) self._args = args self._ant = antenna self._gain = self.set_gain(gain) self._freq = self.set_freq(freq) self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps) if(antenna): self.u.set_antenna(antenna, 0) def set_sample_rate(self, bitrate, req_sps): start_sps = req_sps while(True): asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps self.u.set_samp_rate(asked_samp_rate) actual_samp_rate = self.u.get_samp_rate() sps = actual_samp_rate/bitrate if(sps < 2): req_sps +=1 else: actual_sps = sps break if(sps != req_sps): print "\nBit Rate: %f" % (bitrate) print "Requested sps: %f" % (start_sps) print "Given sample rate: %f" % (actual_samp_rate) print "Actual sps for rate: %f" % (actual_sps) if(actual_samp_rate != asked_samp_rate): print "\nRequested sample rate: %f" % (asked_samp_rate) print "Actual sample rate: %f" % (actual_samp_rate) return (actual_samp_rate, actual_sps) def get_sample_rate(self): return self.u.get_samp_rate() def set_gain(self, gain=None): if gain is None: # if no gain was specified, use the mid-point in dB g = self.u.get_gain_range() gain = float(g.start()+g.stop())/2 print "\nNo gain specified." print "Setting gain to %f (from [%f, %f])" % \ (gain, g.start(), g.stop()) self.u.set_gain(gain, 0) return gain def set_freq(self, freq=None): if(freq is None): sys.stderr.write("You must specify -f FREQ or --freq FREQ\n") sys.exit(1) r = self.u.set_center_freq(freq, 0) if r: return freq else: frange = self.u.get_freq_range() sys.stderr.write(("\nRequested frequency (%f) out or range [%f, %f]\n") % \ (freq, frange.start(), frange.stop())) sys.exit(1) #-------------------------------------------------------------------# # TRANSMITTER #-------------------------------------------------------------------# class uhd_transmitter(uhd_interface, gr.hier_block2): def __init__(self, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None, gain=None, antenna=None, verbose=False): gr.hier_block2.__init__(self, "uhd_transmitter", gr.io_signature(1,1,gr.sizeof_gr_complex), gr.io_signature(0,0,0)) # Set up the UHD interface as a transmitter uhd_interface.__init__(self, True, args, bitrate, sps, freq, gain, antenna) self.connect(self, self.u) if(verbose): self._print_verbage() def add_options(parser): add_freq_option(parser) parser.add_option("-a", "--args", type="string", default="", help="UHD device address args [default=%default]") parser.add_option("-A", "--antenna", type="string", default=None, help="select Rx Antenna where appropriate") parser.add_option("", "--tx-freq", type="eng_float", default=None, help="set transmit frequency to FREQ [default=%default]", metavar="FREQ") parser.add_option("", "--tx-gain", type="eng_float", default=None, help="set transmit gain in dB (default is midpoint)") parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", default=False) # Make a static method to call before instantiation add_options = staticmethod(add_options) def _print_verbage(self): """ Prints information about the UHD transmitter """ print "\nUHD Transmitter:" print "Args: %s" % (self._args) print "Freq: %sHz" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._freq)) print "Gain: %f dB" % (self._gain) print "Sample Rate: %ssps" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._rate)) print "Antenna: %s" % (self._ant) #-------------------------------------------------------------------# # RECEIVER #-------------------------------------------------------------------# class uhd_receiver(uhd_interface, gr.hier_block2): def __init__(self, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None, gain=None, antenna=None, verbose=False): gr.hier_block2.__init__(self, "uhd_receiver", gr.io_signature(0,0,0), gr.io_signature(1,1,gr.sizeof_gr_complex)) # Set up the UHD interface as a receiver uhd_interface.__init__(self, False, args, bitrate, sps, freq, gain, antenna) self.connect(self.u, self) if(verbose): self._print_verbage() def add_options(parser): add_freq_option(parser) parser.add_option("-a", "--args", type="string", default="", help="UHD device address args [default=%default]") parser.add_option("-A", "--antenna", type="string", default=None, help="select Rx Antenna where appropriate") parser.add_option("", "--rx-freq", type="eng_float", default=None, help="set receive frequency to FREQ [default=%default]", metavar="FREQ") parser.add_option("", "--rx-gain", type="eng_float", default=None, help="set receive gain in dB (default is midpoint)") if not parser.has_option("--verbose"): parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", default=False) # Make a static method to call before instantiation add_options = staticmethod(add_options) def _print_verbage(self): """ Prints information about the UHD receiver """ print "\nUHD Receiver:" print "UHD Args: %s" % (self._args) print "Freq: %sHz" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._freq)) print "Gain: %f dB" % (self._gain) print "Sample Rate: %ssps" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._rate)) print "Antenna: %s" % (self._ant)
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