PIO = Programmable IO.
Registers that are possibly in x86 IO address space or PCI config
space.
Today these are just memory mapped registers where the CPU has direct
access.
DMA = DirectMemoryAccess.
Typically an engine on a chip which trasnfers data forth and back.
It needs initialisation via some sort of register programming or other
meance.
Other terms might be specific to
individual chipsets, chipset vendors
or software projects. Some other
keywords are just subsets of special
variants of the above.
(AGP transfers are just a special case of a DMA.)
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