Arrow's statement can be summarized: If you want even the most minimal compliance with majority rule, and if you don't want the deletion of a loser from the ballots to change the count's winner, then don't use rank balloting. It's ironic that CVD keeps citing Arrow's result as supporting their mistaken claim that IRV can't be improved on, when, actually, in terms of results-desiderata, Arrow's result says that Approval is better than IRV. Of course that certainly isn't the only way in which Approval is better than IRV. Mike Ossipoff _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com.