When I first defined UUCC here, I said that Approval meets UUCC except under certain implausible conditions. But since then I've realized that Approval meets UUCC under all conditions, plausible and implausible. I still don't know if Condorcet or other pairwise-count methods meet UUCC. IRV, Plurality & Borda fail UUCC. Why don't I re-post the definition here: Unanimously Unpreferred Candidate Criterion (UUCC): If everyone prefers X to Xc, then there should never be a situation where Xc wins, and where if one voter changed his ballot so as to no longer vote Xc over X, that would cause the election of someone whom he likes less than Xc. I'm sure you've heard in all the media, people saying that Nader doesn't have a chance, with that being given as a reason to vote for Gore instead. But have you ever spoken to someone to whom Gore is favorite? All the Gore voters I encounter are voting for Gore instead of Nader only because Nader "doesn't have a chance". Maybe there are a few people who like Gore better than Nader; I haven't met one. What an inexcusable situation. If, as seems to be the case, nearly all Gore voters prefer Nader, then Nader would have a better chance than Gore if people voted sincerely. Nader is splitting the vote? Votes for Nader are sincere--Gore's the one who is splitting the vote, when people insincerely desert their favorite. The "spoiler" is the one of those 2 candidates who is less legitimate, the one who has less business running, the one whom people only vote for by holding their nose. Maybe some or many Bush voters really like Bush best, and maybe some of them even like Gore better than Nader, since Gore is so much more like Bush. If so, then it isn't really a fully UUCC election, though it's almost as absurd. UUCC brings out the fact that, with Plurality, IRV & Borda, Gore could still win even if _everyone_ prefered Nader to Gore. So this partially UUCC situation is easy for methods like Plurality, IRV & Borda to create, and it could easily happen every time. Mike Ossipoff _________________________________________________________________________ Get Your Private, Free E-mail from MSN Hotmail at http://www.hotmail.com. Share information about yourself, create your own public profile at http://profiles.msn.com.