George
I fail to follow your argument, The fact that you have
not been challenged or taken to law by any member state
does not mean that it is not the laws of the member states
that have legal juristriction. You have not been taken to
the European courts of justice either.
you say:-
>For ITE, the EU requires compliance to the Low Voltage
> and EMC Directives
No, the EU requires that member states put in place
national laws requiring compliance in that country
of the requirements of the Low Voltage and EMC Directives.
This is somewhat different. Had you transgressed
and been prosecuted you would have been prosecuted
under the national law of the country. If for instance you
had been taken to court in the UK in relation to EMC
problems you would not be accused of contravening
directive 89/336/EEC, you would be accused of
contravening the UK Electromagnetic Compatibility
Regulations 1992 (SI 19992/2372)
In Germany the same action will have you in conflict with
Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von Geräten, (EMVG)
In Belgium you will run foul of
Royal decree of May 18th 1994 concerning electromagnetic compatibility;
and in Greece
Ministerial Decision number 94649/8682/ 93/25-8-94
And in each case it is you the manufacturer dealer or user
that will be taken to court. It is not the country that will be prosecuted
and it is not a matter of allowing entry. Crossing borders as such is not
an offence either for an individual or a member state. The offence
is placing on the market or taking into service non-compliant equipment
at any point in the EU.
The fact that you have not had any trouble with any of these national laws
is good news, long may it remain so. However this does not
change the fact that these are the laws under which manufacturers,
dealers and users operate in the various countries and you should
beware of the subtle differences between them.
Nick Rouse
----- Original Message -----
From: <geor...@lexmark.com>
To: "Nick Rouse" <nickjro...@cs.com>
Cc: "emc" <emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org>
Sent: Monday, March 25, 2002 5:16 PM
Subject: Re: U.S. Safety Regulations
>
>
> Nick,
>
> To some degree, I beg to differ with your explanation,
> particularly with the following:
>
> "It is these national regulations that have direct force
> of law on manufacturers, traders and users of equipment
> in that member state. It is not a matter of crossing
> boundaries into the EU or between member states, and not
> a matter of it being just wise to meet the various
> requirements. Wherever you are in the EU you will be
> breaking a local national law if you do not."
>
> For ITE, the EU requires compliance to the Low Voltage
> and EMC Directives. They have further listed harmonized
> standards which are deemed sufficent to comply. Under
> the present process, a manufacturer can obtain a CB Report
> of create a Technical Construction File to meet the LVD,
> and take EMC data at an authorized test site to meet the
> EMC Directive.
>
> At that point the manufacturer can apply the CE marking,
> and file a EU Declaration of Conformity within the EU.
> Since this process was adopted by the EU, we have not
> had a single EU member state ask to see either our DoC
> or our background test data/reports.
>
> So, there are no "national" regulations, but only the
> EU regulations, which were designed to do away with the
> many diveregent national regulations. Again, the EU
> "law" applies to member states, over which the EU has
> some power. There is no "law" pertaining to mfrs, but
> the Directives as to what the member states are to do
> to ensure "safe" products. If a mfr manages to place a
> product on the market that does not meet the LV or EMC
> Directives, it is the member state which allowed entry
> of the product that is held accountable. Of course, a
> mfr found doing this would have to remove the product
> from the market and would have a hard time doing future
> business in the EU.
>
> George Alspaugh
>
>
>
>
> "Nick Rouse" <nickjrouse%cs....@interlock.lexmark.com> on 03/22/2002
04:44:05 PM
>
> To: "emc" <emc-pstc%majordomo.ieee....@interlock.lexmark.com>,
> "George_Alspaugh/Lex/Lexmark.LEXMARK"@sweeper.lex.lexmark.com
> cc: (bcc: George Alspaugh/Lex/Lexmark)
> Subject: Re: U.S. Safety Regulations
>
>
>
> Thanks George for your outline of the basic
> way US safety works. Perhaps I may expand
> a bit on how EU directives works. First the EU
> directives are, as you say, not in themselves
> directly law in any of the member states.
> What they do is to direct each of the member
> states to pass into their national laws regulations
> emboding the requirements of the directive and
> most importantly to repeal any other legislation
> that lays any requirement in the aera covered
> on anyone placing relavant products on the
> market or taking them into service. The member
> states are bound to do this under the terms of the
> treaty of Rome and other European treaties. Any
> member state not properly transposing a directive
> into national Law is in principle liable to be taken
> by the Commission to the European Courts.
> The wording of the directives, heavy on permissive
> clauses and requirements on governments to allow
> goods to be moved, sold and put into service,
> surprises some people but it must be remembered
> that the wellspring of most of this legislation is the
> idea of a single European Market. The member
> states are not allowed to have local regulations that
> may act as an indirect trade barrier favoring local
> suppliers over those of other member states.
> By a having just a unified set of European technical
> requirements it is hoped to create a level playing
> field for all paticipants in the European market.
> The directives are usually implimented by some form
> o
From - Tue Mar 26 05:07:26 2002
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Seems to me that someone is not installing your PEM nuts properly. You
need a heck of a lot more than someone leaning on the bolt "a little" to
push them out. Example: a standard 6-32 type CL PEM nut installed in
0.064 aluminum sheet needs 190 pounds to push it out, according to PEM's
statistics. In steel, it is almost double that.
>From my point of view, Rivinuts are impractical to use in production.
They take too long to insert and flare. You can insert 5 or 10 PEM nuts
in the time it takes to put in a Rivinut.
Bob Wilson
TIR Systems Ltd.
Vancouver.
-----Original Message-----
From: Price, Ed [mailto:ed.pr...@cubic.com]
Sent: March 25, 2002 9:38 AM
To: emc-p...@ieee.org
Subject: RE: chassis bonding - star washers enough?
PEM nuts may have their proper place, but I don't like to use them,
since
they are prone to being driven out by the pressure applied to a bolt
during
tightening. If the assembler just leans on the bolt a little, the nut
pushes
out of the clinch, and then spins in the bolt. This can turn into a bad
problem if the nut is in a blind area.
I prefer to use Rivnuts, which clench with a shoulder on the front
surface
and a deformation area on the rear. These will not fall out with axial
loading.
Regards,
Ed
Ed Price
ed.pr...@cubic.com
Electromagnetic Compatibility Lab
Cubic Defense Systems
San Diego, CA USA
858-505-2780 (Voice)
858-505-1583 (Fax)
Military & Avionics EMC Services Is Our Specialty
Shake-Bake-Shock - Metrology - Reliability Analysis
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