The US product certification system seems confusing to those who have not grown up with it and used it. It is divided, as has been discussed, between commercial/industrial (OHSA regulated) and retail/consumer (local AHJ controlled).
OSHA has pretty clear requirements but enforcement is primarily done by investigating incidents. Consumer requirements are generally covered by the NEC (which requires NRTL listing) which is adopted in more than 10,000 jurisdictions in the US and enforced by AHJ inspectors. This is also enforced at the retail level in that sellers won’t offer anything for sale which is not NRTL Listed as a contractual condition to the supplier. AHJ facilities inspection is usually completed before most equipment is installed but anything installed earlier – including lighting, heating and air conditioning and other basic electrical appliances are fair game and can be ‘red tagged’ as not acceptable by the AHJ inspector. This has all been further confused by the enormous expansion of LV components used ubiquitously in both the work environment and the residential environment. These LV devices used to be simple and could easily be evaluated during the inspection as being acceptable. Today, however, the devices are much more complex and can give rise to hazards which are not obvious to a casual inspection (There have been numerous electric shock and/or fire issues developed from ‘walwarts’ which are always installed to operate connected equipment). Finally, in the American tradition the final enforcement is thru the legal system when there are incidents. Any product involved which is not NRTL certified is condemned before the party starts. The manufacturer should beware and provide NRTL certification in more cases than not. :>) br, Pete Peter E Perkins, PE Principal Product Safety & Regulatory Affairs Consultant PO Box 1067 Albany, ORe 97321-0413 503/452-1201 IEEE Life Fellow IEEE PSES 2020 Distinguished Lecturer <mailto:p.perk...@ieee.org> p.perk...@ieee.org From: Ted Eckert <000007cf6ebeab9d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org> Sent: Wednesday, February 19, 2020 7:13 AM To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG Subject: Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] Mandatory certification Hello Bernd, The requirement from the National Electrical Code is either an NRTL Listing or approval by the local Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). The latter option means that a local electrical inspector or building inspector will look at the equipment to determine whether they think it is safe and appropriate. In my opinion, this is a far more challenging option as opposed to getting an NRTL Listing. If the equipment does not meet the AHJ’s approval, it will get a “red tag” and will not be allowed to be operated until any corrections are made. Many customers will only accept NRTL Listed products. Manufacturers of custom equipment will often seek “field certification”. For this option, the manufacturer hires an NRTL to come to the installation site to perform certification at that location. The NRTL can do field marking of the equipment if it meets approval. It then would meet the requirements of the NEC. The NEC has no option for self-declaration. You either need an NRTL Listing or you need the approval of the AHJ. Ted Eckert Microsoft Corporation The opinions experessed are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of my employer. From: Dürrer Bernd <bernd.duer...@wilo.com <mailto:bernd.duer...@wilo.com> > Sent: Wednesday, February 19, 2020 7:02 AM To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG> Subject: [PSES] AW: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] Mandatory certification Hello Ted, hello Regan, Thank you for your clear statements on NRTL certification. Can you please provide some guidance on the interpretation of the National Electrical Code NFPA 70 (2020 edition), article 110.3, on the suitability of installation and use in conformity with the NEC? Informational note no. 2 explains, that this suitability “may” be evidenced by listing or labelling. Informative Annex A “provides a list of product safety standards used for product listing where that listing is required by the NEC.” This lists includes many product safety standards for consumer products like appliances that are typically plug connected. In the case that the NEC has been adopted by local jurisdiction and that the equipment is in the scope of a product safety standard listed in Annex A, is NRTL certification and listing then a mandatory requirement, or is there another option (e.g. self-declaration of the manufacturer that the product is suitable for installation and use in conformity with the NEC) that is accepted both by jurisdiction and the market? Thank you and kind regards, Bernd Von: Regan Arndt <reganar...@gmail.com <mailto:reganar...@gmail.com> > Gesendet: Dienstag, 18. Februar 2020 18:01 An: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG> Betreff: Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] Mandatory certification OSHA & the related NRTL mandatory certification is only for the commercial/office/industrial workplace. OSHA has no jurisdiction in the consumer environment. The FCC is for both environments. Regan On Mon, Feb 17, 2020, 8:29 PM <000006cee064502d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org <mailto:000006cee064502d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org> > wrote: Thank you Ted, Rich and Regan, The product is classified as IT and is sold to pro market. i.e it is used by professional and not consumer market. There two types of products. Class I as well as Class III. They are mainly used in corporation conference rooms. With that in mind, what are your thoughts about mandatory NRTL certification as well as FCC? Thanks Peter -----Original Message----- From: Ted Eckert <000007cf6ebeab9d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org <mailto:000007cf6ebeab9d-dmarc-requ...@ieee.org> > To: EMC-PSTC <EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG> > Sent: Mon, Feb 17, 2020 6:16 pm Subject: Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] Mandatory certification Hello Peter, Let me add to Rich and Regan’s comments. The question for residential installations isn’t as clear as for the workplace. Most jurisdictions in the United States have adopted the National Electrical Code which requires many electrical and electronic products to either be Listed or to be investigated and approved by the local Authority Having Jurisdiction. In practice, this typically will apply to hard-wired products or products attached to building structure. The enforcement is typically through an electrical inspection which will often not cover plug-connected devices. In the workplace, any product that has a direct connection to the mains will need NRTL approval. At the other end of the spectrum, a product like a USB mouse or remote control using alkaline batteries likely won’t need NRTL approval. In theory, I believe an OSHA inspector could enforce the NRTL requirement on any electrical product, but that won’t necessarily be what happens in practice. That being said, you can choose not to get NRTL approval for your product. However, you need to understand the risks your product may pose. If you sell products to commercial customers, are you meeting their needs? Will your products be acceptable to them? If you have a low-voltage device that isn’t mains connected, you will need to understand your customer’s needs before you make any determination about skipping NRTL approval. Let’s use the USB mouse example. If you sell a USB mouse that has no NRTL approval, you can state that you are selling a product to the general public for home use where NRTL approval for a mouse is clearly not required. You can then argue that any business that purchases it is making their own decision on whether to accept a non-NRTL product. However, it is up to you, your employer and your employer’s legal department on whether you should take this approach. Ted Eckert The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of my employer, OSHA or the U.S. Department of Labor. From: Richard Nute <ri...@ieee.org <mailto:ri...@ieee.org> > Sent: Monday, February 17, 2020 3:52 PM To: EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG <mailto:EMC-PSTC@LISTSERV.IEEE.ORG> Subject: [EXTERNAL] Re: [PSES] Mandatory certification Hi Peter: I can only speak to NRTL certification. If your product can be used in a workplace, then NRTL certification is mandatory. In most non-workplace locations, safety certification is mandatory. A local authority specifies the acceptable certification houses. Most local authorities specify the NRTL certification houses. Certification by a NRTL certification house is accepted almost universally in the USA. Best regards, Rich - ---------------------------------------------------------------- This message is from the IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society emc-pstc discussion list. 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