Is that assuming 12 miles of water? Does it change things if you're under 12
miles of ice, whose density is less than 1 g/cc ?
I'm not smart enough to figure that out...


-----Original Message-----
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]On Behalf Of Reeve,
Jack W.
Sent: Thursday, May 30, 2002 11:46 AM
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: RE: Europa's ice thickness


With Europa's 0.135 Earth gravity, and assuming the same 1.022 SG seawater
density, excluding all other small variables, real pressure at 12 miles
depth on Europa is equivalent to an Earth ocean depth of about 8550 feet, or
3790 Earth PSI, or around 23.8 Earth mPa.

Jack

                -----Original Message-----
                From:   Chris German [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
                Sent:   Thursday 30 May 2002 10:09
                To:     [EMAIL PROTECTED]
                Cc:     [EMAIL PROTECTED]
                Subject:        Re: Europa's ice thickness


                >I read that in last week's Nature, Paul Schenk of the Lunar
& Planetary
                >Institute estimates Europa's crust to be at least 12 miles
deep.  He
                >calculated
                >this on impact crater shapes.
                >
                >If 12 miles is the minimum depth of the ocean, would this
pose a serious
                >engineering challenge for a submersible?
                >
                >==
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                I wouldn't think so.  We already have vehicles good to 6.5km
on earth.
                My understanding is that the weaker gravity on Europa means
the pressure
                gradients would also be weaker with depth in a Europan ocean
- i.e. we
                would stay well within spec for pressure rated technologies
we already have.
                --
                _____________________

                Prof. Chris German, MBE
                Southampton Oceanography Centre         Tel:  +44 (0)2380
596542
                Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK               Fax: +44 (0)2380
596554
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