On Wednesday, March 19, 2025 at 5:32:18 AM UTC-6 Alan Grayson wrote:

On Monday, March 17, 2025 at 9:45:50 PM UTC-6 Brent Meeker wrote:



On 3/16/2025 1:51 PM, Alan Grayson wrote:

1) What necessitates the use of complex numbers (whereas in GR only real 
numbers are used)?

QM exhibits interference so it must have wave-like phases that can add and 
subtract.  It predicts probabilities which must be positive numbers.  So 
one way to do this mathematically is to have probability *amplitudes*, Psi, 
that are the "square root" of probabilities, Psi*Psi (where * denotes the 
Hermitian conjugate), that have phases so they can interfere.  Then the 
dynamics are linear in the Psi.

2) What necessitates the postulates that some, but presumably not all 
operators are non commuting?
3) With respect to 2), why is the non commuting difference i*h (or i*hbar)?

It is conjugate pairs that fail to commute.  See attached.

Brent


What *ABOUT* waves in spacetime, that is gravitational waves? What's 
waving, and do they interfere with each other? AG 

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