On Wed, Mar 20, 2013 at 12:22 PM, Bruno Marchal <marc...@ulb.ac.be> wrote:

> >> If when X happens Y always happens AND when X doesn't happen Y never
> happens then we can say with great confidence that X causes Y because
> that's what the word "causes" means.
>
> > Does this not imply that X causes Y if and only if Y causes X?
>

The "if-then" operation as well as the very word "causes" implies a
direction to time. If X then Y AND if not X then not Y then X causes Y. We
could get into the question of why time seems to have a preferred direction
if you like.

  John K Clark

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