Martin,
I have found a small example program called opensolar.c which demonstrates
the linkage problem under Leopard. The following build commands both work under
Tiger...
gcc -I/usr/include -I/usr/X11R6/include -I/sw/include opensolar.c -L/sw/lib
-L/usr/X11R6/lib -lXm -lGLU -lGL
/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Libraries/libGL.dylib -lGLw -lX11
-lXext -lXt -lm
gcc -I/usr/include -I/usr/X11R6/include -I/sw/include opensolar.c -L/sw/lib
-L/usr/X11R6/lib -lXm -lGLU -lGL -lGLw -lX11 -lXext -lXt -lm
...and the resulting binaries run fine. Under Leopard, the first build command
fails with the link error...
Undefined symbols:
"_GLwCreateMDrawingArea", referenced from:
_main in cc0Gr1FT.o
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
The source for the example code is attached below. I am still trying to find a
simplier example
for my radar report which doesn't require openmotif.
Jack
ps We can only hope that the linker in Leopard is broken in as many ways
as possible since that certainly might accelerate the release of an Xcode
Developer update for Leopard. I would strongly urge submitting as many
radar reports on linker problems as we can find to push the update
process allow.
/* opensolar.c
* opensolar displays a planet with a moon, orbiting a sun.
* To compile:
* cc -O -o opensolar opensolar.c -lXm -lGLw -lm -lGLU -lGL
*/
#include <Xm/Xm.h>
#include <Xm/Frame.h>
#include <Xm/Form.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
#include <X11/StringDefs.h>
#include <GL/GLwMDrawA.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <GL/glx.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
typedef struct _spin {
short year;
} SPINDATA, *SPINPTR;
/* function prototypes */
void main(int argc, char **argv);
void initCB (Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
XtPointer call_data);
void exposeCB (Widget w, XtPointer spin,
XtPointer call_data);
void resizeCB (Widget w, XtPointer spin,
XtPointer call_data);
void inputCB (Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
XtPointer call_data);
Boolean drawWP (XtPointer spin);
void drawscene(SPINPTR spin);
void setbeachball(int stripes);
void beachball(unsigned long color1, unsigned long color2);
XtAppContext app_context;
XtWorkProcId workprocid = NULL;
GLXContext glx_context;
Display * global_display;
Window global_window;
/* main
* This program shows a solar system, with a sun, planet, and
* moon (in OpenGL). The user can exit with the ESCape key
* or through the window manager menu.
*/
void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
Arg wargs[15];
int n;
Widget glw, toplevel, frame, form;
SPINPTR spin;
static String fallback_resources[] = {
"*frame*shadowType: SHADOW_IN", "*glwidget*width: 750",
"*glwidget*height: 600", "*glwidget*rgba: TRUE",
"*glwidget*doublebuffer: TRUE",
"*glwidget*allocateBackground: TRUE", NULL
};
/* create main data structure, spin pointer */
spin = (SPINPTR) malloc (sizeof (SPINDATA));
spin->year = 0;
toplevel = XtAppInitialize(
&app_context, /* Application context */
"Opensolar", /* Application class */
NULL, 0, /* command line option list */
&argc, argv, /* command line args */
fallback_resources,
NULL, /* argument list */
0); /* number of arguments */
n = 0;
form = XmCreateForm(toplevel, "form", wargs, n);
XtManageChild(form);
n = 0;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XtNx, 30);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XtNy, 30);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNbottomAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNleftAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNrightAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNtopAttachment, XmATTACH_FORM);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNleftOffset, 30);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNbottomOffset, 30);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNrightOffset, 30);
n++;
XtSetArg(wargs[n], XmNtopOffset, 30);
n++;
frame = XmCreateFrame (form, "frame", wargs, n);
XtManageChild (frame);
n = 0;
glw = GLwCreateMDrawingArea(frame, "glwidget", wargs, n);
XtManageChild (glw);
XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNginitCallback, initCB,
(XtPointer) NULL);
XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNexposeCallback, exposeCB,
(XtPointer) spin);
XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNresizeCallback, resizeCB,
(XtPointer) spin);
XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNinputCallback, inputCB,
(XtPointer) NULL);
XtRealizeWidget(toplevel); /* instantiate it now */
XtAppMainLoop(app_context); /* loop for events */
} /* end main() */
/* initCB
* The initCB subroutine initializes graphics modes and
* transformation matrices.
*/
void initCB (Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
XtPointer call_data)
{
Arg args[1];
XVisualInfo *vi;
XtSetArg(args[0], GLwNvisualInfo, &vi);
XtGetValues(w, args, 1);
global_display = XtDisplay(w);
global_window = XtWindow(w);
glx_context = glXCreateContext(global_display, vi, 0,
GL_FALSE);
} /* end initCB() */
/* exposeCB() and resizeCB() are called when the window
* is uncovered, moved, or resized.
*/
void exposeCB (Widget w, XtPointer ptr, XtPointer call_data)
{
SPINPTR spin;
static char firstTime = 0x1;
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_ptr;
call_ptr = (GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *) call_data;
GLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(w, glx_context);
if (firstTime) {
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glShadeModel (GL_FLAT);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity ();
gluPerspective(45.0, (GLfloat)(call_ptr->width)
/(GLfloat)(call_ptr->height), 1.0, 25.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity ();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -12.0);
workprocid = XtAppAddWorkProc(app_context, drawWP, ptr);
/* ptr is spin */
firstTime = 0;
}
spin = (SPINPTR) ptr;
drawscene(spin);
}
void resizeCB (Widget w, XtPointer ptr, XtPointer call_data)
{
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_ptr;
SPINPTR spin;
spin = (SPINPTR) ptr;
call_ptr = (GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *) call_data;
GLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(w, glx_context);
glViewport (0, 0, (GLsizei) (call_ptr->width-1),
(GLsizei) (call_ptr->height-1));
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity ();
gluPerspective(45.0, (GLfloat)(call_ptr->width) /
(GLfloat)(call_ptr->height), 1.0, 25.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity ();
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -12.0);
drawscene(spin);
}
/* inputCB() handles all types of input from the GL widget.
* The KeyRelease handles the ESCape key, so that it exits
* the program.
*/
void inputCB (Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
XtPointer call_data)
{
char buffer[1];
KeySym keysym;
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_ptr;
XKeyEvent *kevent;
call_ptr = (GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *) call_data;
kevent = (XKeyEvent *) (call_ptr->event);
switch(call_ptr->event->type) {
case KeyRelease:
/* Must convert the keycode to a keysym before
* checking if it is an escape
*/
if (XLookupString(kevent,buffer,1,&keysym,NULL) == 1
&& keysym == (KeySym)XK_Escape)
exit(0);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/* drawWP() is called by the WorkProc. When the scene
* is in automatic motion, the WorkProc calls this routine,
* which adds 1 degree (10 tenths) to the cumulative amount
* of rotation. drawscene() is called, so the image is
* redrawn. It returns(FALSE) so the WorkProc does not
* discontinue operation.
*/
Boolean drawWP (XtPointer ptr)
{
SPINPTR spin;
spin = (SPINPTR) ptr;
spin->year = (spin->year + 10) % 3600;
drawscene (spin);
return (FALSE);
}
/* drawscene
* drawscene calculates angles relative to the spin->year
* and then draws sun, planet, and moon.
*/
void drawscene(SPINPTR spin)
{
short sunangle;
/* actual dist is 1.5e8 km; mult by 3.0e-8 fudgefactor */
float earthdist = 4.5;
short dayangle;
float earthscale = 0.5;
short monthangle;
float moondist = 0.9;
float moonscale = 0.2;
glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT|GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(10.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); /* tilt entire scene */
glPushMatrix();
sunangle = (spin->year*365/25) % 3600;
/* sun rotates on axis every 25 days */
glRotatef(.1*(sunangle), 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
/* cpack format color1, color2 */
/* swapped by hand: was beachball(0x20C0FF, 0x200FFFF); */
beachball(0xFFC02000, 0xFFFF0020);
glPopMatrix();
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(.1*(spin->year), 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glTranslatef(earthdist, 0.0, 0.0);
glPushMatrix();
dayangle = (spin->year*50) % 3600;
/* dayangle fudged so earth rotation can be seen */
glRotatef(.1*(dayangle), 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glScalef(earthscale, earthscale, earthscale);
glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
/* swap by hand; was beachball(0xFF0000, 0xC02000);*/
beachball(0x0000FF00, 0x0020C000); /* earth */
glPopMatrix();
monthangle = (spin->year*365/28) % 3600;
glRotatef(.1*(monthangle), 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glTranslatef(moondist, 0.0, 0.0);
glScalef(moonscale, moonscale, moonscale);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
/* swap by hand; was beachball(0xFFFFFF, 0xC0C0C0); */
beachball(0xFFFFFF00, 0xC0C0C000); /* moon */
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
glXSwapBuffers(global_display, global_window);
} /* end drawscene() */
/*
* BEACHBALL
*/
/* three dimensional vector */
typedef float vector[3];
vector front = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
vector back = { 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 };
vector top = { 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 };
vector bottom = { 0.0, -1.0, 0.0 };
vector right = { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
vector left = { -1.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
vector center = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
/* Number of colored stripes. Should be even to look right */
#define BEACHBALL_STRIPES 12
/* Default number of polygons making up a stripe. Should */
/* be even */
#define BEACHBALL_POLYS 16
/* array of vertices making up a stripe */
vector stripe_point[BEACHBALL_POLYS + 3];
/* has the beachball been initialized */
Boolean beachball_initialized = FALSE;
/* Number of polygons making up a stripe */
int beachball_stripes;
/* Number of vertices making up a stripe */
int stripe_vertices;
/* Initializes beachball_point array to a stripe of unit */
/* radius. */
void setbeachball(int stripes)
{
int i,j;
float x,y,z; /* vertex points */
float theta,delta_theta; /* angle from top pole to bottom*/
float offset; /* offset from center of stripe to vertex */
/* radius of cross-section at current latitude */
float cross_radius;
float cross_theta; /* angle occupied by a stripe */
beachball_stripes = stripes;
/* polys distributed by even angles from top to bottom */
delta_theta = M_PI/((float)BEACHBALL_POLYS/2.0);
theta = delta_theta;
cross_theta = 2.0*M_PI/(float)beachball_stripes;
j = 0;
stripe_point[j][0] = top[0];
stripe_point[j][1] = top[1];
stripe_point[j][2] = top[2];
j++;
for (i = 0; i < BEACHBALL_POLYS; i += 2) {
cross_radius = sin(theta);
offset = cross_radius * tan(cross_theta/2.0);
stripe_point[j][0] = - offset;
stripe_point[j][1] = cos(theta);
stripe_point[j][2] = cross_radius;
j++;
stripe_point[j][0] = offset;
stripe_point[j][1] = stripe_point[j-1][1];
stripe_point[j][2] = stripe_point[j-1][2];
j++;
theta += delta_theta;
} /* end for */
stripe_point[j][0] = bottom[0];
stripe_point[j][1] = bottom[1];
stripe_point[j][2] = bottom[2];
stripe_vertices = j + 1;
beachball_initialized = TRUE;
}
/* Draws a canonical beachball. The colors are cpack values
* when in RGBmode.
*/
void beachball(unsigned long c1, unsigned long c2)
{
float angle, delta_angle;
int i, j;
if (! beachball_initialized)
setbeachball(BEACHBALL_STRIPES);
angle = 0.0;
delta_angle = 360.0/(float)beachball_stripes;
for (i = 0; i < beachball_stripes; i++) {
if ( i%2 == 0)
glColor4ubv((GLubyte *)(&c1));
else
glColor4ubv((GLubyte *)(&c2));
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
angle += delta_angle;
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
for (j = 0; j < stripe_vertices; j++)
glVertex3fv(stripe_point[j]);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
}
}
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