https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96337
--- Comment #4 from Jan Hubicka <hubicka at gcc dot gnu.org> --- There was changes to -O2 inliner. I have - enabled auto-inlininig - reduced early inlining a bit - reduced limits for inlining functions declared inline The second two was needed to keep code size under control and did well on overall -O2 spec and Firefox performance (without FDO, with FDO we indeed had some performance loss and code size gains, which I plan to revisit). This should not be visible on linux kernel though since it does always inline. The linked patch to enable -O3 by default does not make too much sense to me. I will see if I can reproduce phoronix benchmarks - indeed those workloads are not typical -O2 workloads and may be affected by the inline limits. Honza