Foxconn sekarang : https://www.businessinsider.nl/apple-iphone-factory-foxconn-china-photos-tour-2018-5/?international=true&r=US
Pada tanggal Rab, 5 Des 2018 pukul 13.33 Tatiana Lukman jetaimemuc...@yahoo.com [GELORA45] <GELORA45@yahoogroups.com> menulis: > > > Mengatakan Tiongkok kapitalis-imperialis tidak membutuhkan Indonesia > adalah omongan kaum kolonial dan kaum imperialis serta semua lembaganya > seperti IMF, bank dunia WTO kepada negeri-negeri jajahannya. Kemana-mana > IMF, Bank Dunia selalu bilang negeri terbelakang hanya bisa berkembang > dengan "bantuan" alias utang negara-negara industri yang sudah lebih maju.. > Silahkan menyimak tulisan di bawah ini, ada versi bhs Indonesia yang saya > bikin, dan ada yang aslinya dalam bhs Inggris. > > Supaya tidak cape bacanya, mengingat banyak orang tidak suka baca > panjang-panjang, saya tampilkan saja beberapa kutipan dari sebuah tulisan > yang menyangkut penanaman modal Tiongkok di Afrika pada jaman Mao dan > setelah Deng xiaoping dan kliknya berkuasa dan merestorasi kapitalisme. > Pada jaman Mao, bantuan Tkk betul-betul diabdikan untuk membantu negeri > itu dan Tkk sosialis tidak menggunakan bantuan itu untuk mengeksplotasi > kekayaan alam negeri itu. > > Sebaliknya, setelah tahun 2000, Tkk kapitalis menggunakan kebutuhan > negeri-negeri Afrika untuk membangun infrastrukturnya guna mendapatkan > keuntungan untuk dirinya sendiri. Bantuan Tkk untuk pembangunan > infrastruktur, pada umumnya menguntungkan korporasi Tkk sendiri, melalui > syarat penggunaan perlengkapan dan bahan yang diproduksi oleh korporasinya > sendiri. Inilah yang saya bilang, dalam keadaan krisis dunia dimana Tkk > sendiri mengalami kelambatan pertumbuhan dan menurunnya permintaan dari AS > dan Eropa, maka syarat ini adalah untuk menyelamatkan korporasi Tkk dari > kebangkrutan karena turun permintaan atas produknya. > Apa jaminan yang diberikan negeri pengutang kepada Tkk?? Sumber kekayaan > negeri itu!!! Tidak heran kalau modal yang ditumplekkan Tkk di Afrika > umumnya berkaitan dengan penguasaan Tkk atas sumber alamnya. > Tahun 2008, China Railway Group mendapatkan hak menambang tembaga dan > cobalt di Kongo dengan mengibarkan slogan "proyek infrastruktur untuk > sumber alam". > Disamping untuk mendapatkan kekayaan alam Afrika, modal Tkk mengalir ke > Afrika juga untuk menciptakan kesempatan bisnis bagi korporasi Tkk sendiri. > Analis Tkk sendiri mengakui:"Ketika kami memberi bantuan sebesar RMB 1 > miliar kepada Afrika, kami akan mendapatkan kontrak layanan senilai USD 1 > miliar (RMB 6 miliar) dari Afrika." Sebagai imbalan untuk sebagian besar > bantuan keuangan Tkk ke Afrika, Beijing mengharuskan pembangunan > infrastruktur dan kontrak lainnya mendukung korporasi penyedia layanan Tkk: > 70 persen dari kontrak itu harus dengan perusahaan yang sudah "disetujui," > kebanyakan milik negara, baru sisanya terbuka untuk perusahaan lokal, tapi > ha...ha..banyak di antaranya juga merupakan usaha patungan dengan kelompok > Tkk. Jadi , apa yang dilihat banyak orang sebagai "bantuan" Tkk ke Afrika > sebenarnya, > dalam prakteknya, menciptakan bisnis bagi perusahaan Tkk dan menciptakan > pekerjaan untuk pekerja Tkk. Inilah sebetulnya tujuan pokok dari strategi > 'going out" dari Tkk. > > During the Cold War, foreign aid an important political tool that China > used to gain Africa’s diplomatic recognition and to compete with the United > States and the Soviet Union for Africa’s support. Between 1963 and 1964, > Zhou Enlai visited 10 African countries and announced the well-known “Eight > Principles of Foreign Economic and Technological Assistance.”[10] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn10> > These aid principles were designed to compete simultaneously with the > “imperialists” (the United States) and the “revisionists” (the Soviet > Union) for Africa’s approval and support. > > These efforts were enhanced during the Cultural Revolution under the > influence of a radical revolutionary ideology, *motivating China to > provide large amounts of foreign aid to Africa despite its own domestic > economic difficulties*. [11] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn11> > One famous example was the Tanzania-Zambia Railway built between 1970 > and 1975, for which China provided a zero-interest loan of RMB 980 million. > By the mid-1980s, China’s generous assistance had opened the door to > diplomatic recognition with 44 African countries. [12] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn12> > > Since the beginning of China’s reform and opening up, especially after > 2000, Africa has become an increasingly important economic partner for > China. Africa enjoys rich natural resources and market potential, and > urgently needs infrastructure and development finance to stimulate economic > growth. Chinese development finance, combined with the aid, aims at not > only benefiting the local recipient countries, but also China itself.. For > example, *China’s “tied aid” for infrastructure usually favors Chinese > companies (especially state-owned enterprises), while its loans are in many > cases backed by African natural resources.* > > Much Chinese financing to Africa is associated with *securing the > continent’s natural resources*. Using what is sometimes characterized as > the “Angola Model,” Chinas frequently provides low-interest loans to > nations who rely on commodities, such as oil or mineral resources, as > collateral.[13] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn13> > In these cases, the recipient nations usually suffer from low credit > ratings and have great difficulty obtaining funding from the international > financial market; China makes financing relatively available—with certain > conditions. > > Though commodity-backed loans were not created by China – leading Western > banks were making such loans to African countries, including Angola and > Ghana, before China Eximbank and Angola completed their first oil-backed > loan in March 2004 – but the Chinese built the model to scale and applied > it using a systematic approach. In Angola in 2006, USD 4 billion in such > loans probably helped Chinese oil companies win the exploitation rights to > multiple oil blocks.[14] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn14> > In 2010, Sinopec’s acquisition of a 50 percent stake in Block 18 > coincided with the disbursement of the first tranche of Eximbank funding, > and in 2005, Sinopec’s acquisition of rights to Block 3/80 coincided with > the announcement of a new USD 2 billion loan from China Eximbank to the > Angolan government.*[15]* > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn15>* > In 2008, the China Railway Group used the same model to secure the mining > rights to the Democratic Republic of Congo’s copper and cobalt mines under > the slogan “(Infrastructure) projects for resources.”[16] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn16>* > According to Debra Brautigam, a top expert on China-Africa relations, > between 2004 and 2011, *China reached similar unprecedented deals with at > least seven resource-rich African countries*, with a total volume of > nearly USD 14 billion.[17] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn17> > > In addition to securing Africa’s natural resources, China’s capital flows > into Africa also create business opportunities for Chinese service > contractors, such as construction companies. According to Chinese analysts, > Africa is China’s second-largest supplier of service contracts, and “*when > we provide Africa assistance of RMB 1 billion, we will get service > contracts worth USD 1 billion (RMB 6 billion) from Africa*.”[18] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn18> > *In exchange for most Chinese financial aid to Africa, Beijing requires > that infrastructure construction and other contracts favor Chinese service > providers: 70 percent of them go to “approved,” mostly state-owned, Chinese > companies, and the rest are open to local firms, many of which are also > joint ventures with Chinese groups*.[19] > <https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/chinas-aid-to-africa-monster-or-messiah/#_ftn19> > In this sense, China’s financing to Africa, including aid, *creates > business for Chinese companies and employment opportunities for Chinese > laborers, a critical goal of Beijing’s Going Out strategy*. > *China is not helping Africa in exchange for nothing. Chinese projects > create access to Africa’s natural resources and local markets, business > opportunities for Chinese companies and employment for Chinese labors* > On Tuesday, November 27, 2018, 11:07:53 PM GMT+1, b...@yahoo.com > [GELORA45] <GELORA45@yahoogroups.com> wrote: > > > > > Betul, ngomong sih gampang tentang mau batalkan proyek yg. tentu ada > kontraknya. Akhli2 ekonomi dan infrastruktur negara Indonesia yg harus > menghitung "a short term dan long term" untung-ruginya (berapa harus > membayar kerugian/dendanya) kalau mau membatalkan suatu proyek. Buat > Tiongkok tidak masalah, batal ya menerima dendanya dari pembatalan proyek.. > Tkk tidak tergantung dari Indonesia koq, wong Tkk mempunyai proyek2 > diseluruh dunia di Asia, Afrika dan sekarang di Amerika Latin juga. > > > ---In GELORA45@yahoogroups.com, <ilmesengero@...> wrote : > > Proyek bisa dibatalkan asal saja bisa mampu bayar ganti kerugian. > > >
