Bagaimana posisi kaum wanita di Tkk kapitalis,,,eh, Sosialisme dengan ciri Tiongkok. Kenapa penulis ini memberi judul " Tiongkok: kapitalisme mendorong kebelakang hak-hak kaum wanita".
China: Capitalism ispushing back women’s rights Wagegap has widened and sex discrimination in the job market is rampant China Central Television’s gala tocelebrate the Lunar New Year is reportedly the most watched televisionprogramme in the world. It is broadcast live on 189 state-run channels and theviewing audience, despite falling in recent years, is more than 600 millionpeople. The four-and-half hour spectacle is also shamelessly sexist, with thisyear’s programme aired on 18 February hitting a new low in the opinion ofwomen’s rights activists and many others who have spoken out on China’s vastbut tightly policed social media. “The gala shamelessly discriminatedagainst and made fun of women.Are the directors taking us back to imperial times when women had to bind theirfeet?” This was just one of thousands of angry posts on Weibo, China’sversion of twitter, after this year’s gala. A feminist inspired petition hasslammed the show as “poisonous” pointing out it made 44 jokes at the expenseof women – single women as “leftover” and female civil servants as“gold diggers” (prepared to hop into bed with their male bosses to gainpromotion). These protests are fresh evidence that a new generation of womenactivists is emerging in China, protesting against domestic violence and discriminationin the job market. In several cities female activists have staged protests byoccupying men’s toilets, to draw attention to the lack of facilities and longerqueues for women. This, remember, is under a hardline dictatorship that clampsdown fast on any protests. The furore surrounding the annual TVgala throws a spotlight on a much bigger problem. The social position of women is being pushed backwards aspart of the wider social counterrevolution that has occurred in China, withcapitalism replacing state planning and recreating rampant inequality betweenrich and poor, city and countryside, eastern and western regions. Wagegap widens “The market economy has led to increasedgender inequality since the 1990s,” noted feminist writer Lijia Zhang (ChinaFile 11 June 2014).. This is reflected in the widening wage gap between womenand men, a development that runs counter to international trends where wagedifferentials have narrowed although they still disfavour women. According to official statisticsurban women in China in 2010 earned on average 67.3 percent of men’s earnings,down from 78 percent in 1990. In the countryside, women make just 56 percent ofmen’s wages. Women white-collar workers face awall of sexist attitudes and open discrimination. Even the New York Times (20February 2015) acknowledges that, “In the office, Socialist-era egalitarianismhas been replaced by open sexism, in some cases reinforced by the law.” Thenewspaper quotes Chinese feminist Feng Yuan, “Women’s status has not improved, and in some areas hasregressed.” Somefacts that illustrate the negative trend: § A 2010 survey showed that 69 percent of employersset gender conditions when recruiting staff, despite this being illegal. It iscommon for advertisements to specify that “only men need apply”, or only “attractive women”. § Female participation in China’s labour force ishigh by world standards, butthe proportion of urban women in employment has declined from more than 77percent two decades ago to 61 percent. § Rural farmland title deeds are mainly in malehands, with less than a fifth of these contracts including wives’ names. In theevent of divorce women are often left empty-handed. § Millionsof Chinese undergo cosmetic surgery each year. In Beijing, female senior high school and collegestudents make up over 80 percent of plastic surgery patients – a factthat is undoubtedly linked to intense pressure in the job market through thewidespread use of physical appearance requirements in job advertisements. Discriminationagainst women in the job market is now common and quite open, despite thisbeing illegal. Employers hardly bat an eyelidabout running openly sexist job advertisements because such reactionaryattitudes have become socially acceptable. A survey last year by People’sUniversity in Beijing showed that when an identical resumé was sent to jobagencies but with a different sex, male graduates had a39.2 percent higher chance than female graduates of beingcalled to an interview. The figure for postgraduates rose to53 percent. As in every society such gender attitudes invariablycome from the top, from the ruling layer, as exemplified by CCTV’s New YearGala shows. The People’s Daily even featured aphoto exhibition entitled “beautiful scenery” showing women hostesses workingat the 18th Congress of the ruling Communist Party (CCP) in 2012. The unmistakable message fromthis is that women provide decoration while men make the decisions.Socialist blogger, Wang Linyu says capitalism is profiting from the idea of “leftoverwomen” and preying on the anxieties and family pressures associated witha woman not finding a partner.. More than one hundred datingwebsites have sprung up in China and in just the first quarter of 2014 thismarket was worth 490 million yuan (US$78 million) according toBloomberg Businessweek (18 August, 2014). “They are trying to stigmatise and marginalise theso-called leftover women to make more money” says Wang. “A related trend is theboom in schools of female virtuosity (女德学堂) whichpromote feudal ethics to serve today’s capitalist society.”
