Yesterday I installed 4GB more of RAM in this machine for a total of 8GB, and the machine soon began random segfaulting and even a kernel crash or two, so obviously I suspected the new RAM was faulty.
I let memtest86+ run overnight and it found zero memory errors. Today I exchanged the new RAM anyway and got a different brand this time, and that fixed the problem. My question is why didn't memtest86+ find any errors? Could it be that the first RAM I bought was actually okay but this machine didn't like it for some reason? Both were DDR3/1333MHz, just from different manufacturers.