scoder commented on issue #49138:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/49138#issuecomment-3851000076

   Thanks for notifying us. It seems a good thing that you tested with a 
nightly and it's probably worth keeping that, at least as an "allowed to fail" 
build job or regular out of band run.
   
   I don't see why Python string comparisons work without the GIL and it's an 
oversight that this wasn't detected before. The old string comparison code that 
we used was this:
   
   
https://github.com/cython/cython/pull/7477/files#diff-d38ed1f4a00909a7d38713c9927577f6a2be71c88e248ce55694f9e3020da5bf
   
   It's not nogil-compatible outside of CPython (e.g. PyPy or the Limited API) 
and probably crashes also in CPython when you compare a Unicode string to 
another known builtin type (which is unlikely to occur in real code because it 
always raises an exception). Cython should have rejected this comparison in a 
`nogil` section. I created https://github.com/cython/cython/issues/7500 for 
that.
   
   The fix on your side is simple, just move the option setting line out of the 
`with nogil:` block. It's the right thing to do, regardless of the Cython 
version used.


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