neilconway commented on code in PR #11199:
URL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/11199#discussion_r4105170249


##########
arrow-cast/src/cast/mod.rs:
##########
@@ -645,11 +731,16 @@ fn timestamp_to_date32<T: ArrowTimestampType>(
                     .map(|d| Date32Type::from_naive_date(d.date_naive()))
             })?
         }
-        None => array.try_unary(|x| {
-            as_datetime::<T>(x)
-                .ok_or_else(|| err(x))
-                .map(|d| Date32Type::from_naive_date(d.date()))
-        })?,
+        None => {
+            // Date32 stores days since the epoch. Round down so that a 
timestamp
+            // just before the epoch belongs to the preceding day.
+            let days = |x: i64| x.div_euclid(SECONDS_IN_DAY * 
time_unit_multiple(&T::UNIT));
+            match T::UNIT {
+                // Every microsecond or nanosecond timestamp lies within the 
Date32 range.
+                TimeUnit::Microsecond | TimeUnit::Nanosecond => 
array.unary(|x| days(x) as i32),
+                _ => array.try_unary(|x| i32::try_from(days(x)).map_err(|_| 
err(x)))?,

Review Comment:
   Good catch! I fixed this so that `safe` is handled correctly when casting 
timestamps to `Date32`, `TIme32`, and `Time64`.
   
   Here's a cool thing that Fable found: when casting timestamp without 
timezone to we previously used `try_unary` in order to produce an error. The 
naive fix to account for safe cast-mode would be to use `unary_opt`. It turns 
out that it is faster to do two passes: first, do a branch-free pass to check 
for out-of-range values. If no such value is found (by far the common case), we 
can use `unary` instead. Due to SIMD magic, this is actually considerably 
faster (timings on M4 Max):
   
   * branch-free scan =~ 0.7 us
   * `unary` cast =~ 2.4 us
   * `try_unary` cast =~ 4.1 us
   * `unary_opt` cast =~ 5.0 us
   
   So doing two passes (`unary` + branch-free scan) is cheaper in practice than 
doing a single-pass that has the account for exceptional values and therefore 
can't vectorize as well.



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