CuteChuanChuan opened a new issue, #22042:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/22042

   ### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?
   
   In #21988, we fixed `median` to return `Float64` for integer inputs 
(avoiding truncation) while preserving `Decimal` and floating-point types 
as-is. This means after #21988:
   
   - `median(int_col)`     → `Float64`
   - `median(float_col)`   → `Float32`/`Float64` (preserved)
   - `median(decimal_col)` → `Decimal*` (preserved)
   
   However, `percentile_cont` — which is functionally equivalent to `median` 
when the percentile is `0.5` — casts all `Numeric` inputs (including `Decimal`) 
to `Float64`:
   
https://github.com/apache/datafusion/blob/main/datafusion/functions-aggregate/src/percentile_cont.rs#L143-L157
   
   So `median(decimal_col)` and `percentile_cont(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY 
decimal_col)` return different types for the same input — `Decimal*` vs 
`Float64`. As @Jefffrey noted in #21988, this divergence between two 
essentially identical functions is surprising.
   
   ### Describe the solution you'd like
   
   Per @alamb's suggestion in 
ttps://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/21988#issuecomment-4381090906, align 
in two phases:
   
   **Phase 1 — extend `percentile_cont` to preserve `Decimal` (and `Float32`)**
   
   Update `PercentileCont::new` so the value-argument coercion accepts 
`Decimal` and floating-point types directly, matching `median`'s post-#21988 
behavior. The `percentile` argument (the `0.5`) keeps its current `Float64` 
coercion.
   
   After this change:
   - `percentile_cont(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY decimal_col)` → `Decimal*` 
(preserved)
   - `percentile_cont(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY int_col)`     → `Float64`
   - `percentile_cont(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY float_col)`   → 
`Float32`/`Float64` (preserved)
   
   **Phase 2 — fold `median` into `percentile_cont` as an alias**
   
   Once the signatures and return types align, remove the standalone `Median`  
implementation and register `median` as an alias of `percentile_cont` with 
`0.5` as the percentile.
   
   ### Describe alternatives you've considered
   
   **Make `median` match `percentile_cont`'s current Float64-everywhere 
behavior** — discussed in #21988 and not chosen because casting `Decimal` to 
`Float64` discards the exact-precision guarantee users opt into when picking 
`Decimal`.
   
   ### Additional context
   
   - Discussion: 
https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/21988#pullrequestreview-4224848820
   - Original median fix: #21988 (closes #19536 )


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