IgnatiusPang commented on code in PR #25746:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/25746#discussion_r4172079701


##########
datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/order.slt:
##########
@@ -974,9 +977,60 @@ logical_plan
 03)----TableScan: aggregate_test_100 projection=[c11, c12]
 physical_plan
 01)SortPreservingMergeExec: [log_c12_base_c11@0 DESC NULLS LAST]
-02)--ProjectionExec: expr=[log(c11@0, c12@1) as log_c12_base_c11]
-03)----RepartitionExec: partitioning=RoundRobinBatch(4), input_partitions=1, 
maintains_sort_order=true
-04)------DataSourceExec: file_groups={1 group: 
[[WORKSPACE_ROOT/testing/data/csv/aggregate_test_100.csv]]}, projection=[c11, 
c12], output_orderings=[[c11@0 ASC NULLS LAST], [c12@1 DESC NULLS LAST]], 
file_type=csv, has_header=true
+02)--SortExec: expr=[log_c12_base_c11@0 DESC NULLS LAST], 
preserve_partitioning=[true]
+03)----ProjectionExec: expr=[log(c11@0, c12@1) as log_c12_base_c11]
+04)------RepartitionExec: partitioning=RoundRobinBatch(4), input_partitions=1, 
maintains_sort_order=true
+05)--------DataSourceExec: file_groups={1 group: 
[[WORKSPACE_ROOT/testing/data/csv/aggregate_test_100.csv]]}, projection=[c11, 
c12], output_orderings=[[c11@0 ASC NULLS LAST], [c12@1 DESC NULLS LAST]], 
file_type=csv, has_header=true
+
+# log with a base in (0, 1) is decreasing, so the sort must not be removed
+# even though the input is sorted by x
+query TT
+EXPLAIN SELECT log(0.5, x) AS l FROM (SELECT x FROM (VALUES (1.0), (2.0), 
(4.0), (8.0)) AS t(x) ORDER BY x LIMIT 10) ORDER BY l ASC;
+----
+logical_plan
+01)Sort: l ASC NULLS LAST
+02)--Projection: log(Float64(0.5), t.x) AS l
+03)----Sort: t.x ASC NULLS LAST, fetch=10
+04)------SubqueryAlias: t
+05)--------Projection: column1 AS x
+06)----------Values: (Float64(1)), (Float64(2)), (Float64(4)), (Float64(8))
+physical_plan
+01)SortExec: expr=[l@0 ASC NULLS LAST], preserve_partitioning=[false]
+02)--ProjectionExec: expr=[log(0.5, column1@0) as l]
+03)----SortExec: TopK(fetch=10), expr=[column1@0 ASC NULLS LAST], 
preserve_partitioning=[false]
+04)------DataSourceExec: partitions=1, partition_sizes=[1]
+
+query R
+SELECT log(0.5, x) AS l FROM (SELECT x FROM (VALUES (1.0), (2.0), (4.0), 
(8.0)) AS t(x) ORDER BY x LIMIT 10) ORDER BY l ASC;
+----
+-3
+-2
+-1
+0
+
+# log with a base > 1 is increasing, so the sort can still be removed
+query TT
+EXPLAIN SELECT log(2.0, x) AS l FROM (SELECT x FROM (VALUES (1.0), (2.0), 
(4.0), (8.0)) AS t(x) ORDER BY x LIMIT 10) ORDER BY l ASC;
+----
+logical_plan
+01)Sort: l ASC NULLS LAST
+02)--Projection: log(Float64(2), t.x) AS l
+03)----Sort: t.x ASC NULLS LAST, fetch=10
+04)------SubqueryAlias: t
+05)--------Projection: column1 AS x
+06)----------Values: (Float64(1)), (Float64(2)), (Float64(4)), (Float64(8))
+physical_plan
+01)ProjectionExec: expr=[log(2, column1@0) as l]
+02)--SortExec: TopK(fetch=10), expr=[column1@0 ASC NULLS LAST], 
preserve_partitioning=[false]

Review Comment:
   Good catch, the wording was ambiguous. The SortExec: TopK(fetch=10) that's 
left comes from the inner ORDER BY x LIMIT 10. It's there on purpose so the 
projection gets input that's already sorted by x. The sort that gets removed is 
the outer ORDER BY l. Compare it with the log(0.5, x) case above, where that 
outer SortExec: expr=[l@0 ASC NULLS LAST] is still there. I've reworded both 
comments to say which sort they mean.



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