Suppose for the moment that the "urban heat island" effect has in fact
been massively underestimated, eg because there's a systematic change
in the local surroundings of even "rural" stations (eg much more local
asphalt) that's somehow missed scientists' attention,

and actual temperature increase since pre-industrial isn't 0.7 +/- 0.2
C, but only 0.3C, would that in any way contradict the rest of global
warming science?

After all, the span given by IPCC for current net anthropogenic
forcing is huge

http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf

Namely 0.6 to 2.4 W/m2. Say we are at the low end of that range, say
0.8 W/m2, then a climate sensitivity of 3C and thermal lag might only
give us 0.3C.

Conversely, suppose that there's actually a so far overlooked cooling
artifact in the data  (say much more shaded stations) and actual
temperature increase is already 1.2C, again there's no contradiction
with the forcing span, as 2 W/m2 and 3C climate sensitivity might
explain the increase.

And how much does this really matter for predictions?

Climate sensitivity isn't constrained primarily by the 20th century
temperature/forcing record, and most of the uncertainty for the
forcing is from aerosols. As long as the latter decline in relative
importance, the temperature prediction for doubled CO2 (and zero
aerosols) would be 3C no matter whether temperature has risen 0.3 or
1.2C to date?


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