--- On Sun, 11/16/08, bakri arbie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
From: bakri arbie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Fw: [AlumniPrancis] Ranking Bahasa Dunia
To:
"arbie bakri" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED],
"Omar Trigantara" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: "Ani Sekarningsih" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, "RAZHALUNO" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sunday, November 16, 2008, 7:05 PM
--- On Sun, 11/16/08, Syaltout MAHMUD <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
From: Syaltout MAHMUD <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: [AlumniPrancis] Ranking Bahasa Dunia
To:
"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"[EMAIL PROTECTED]" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sunday, November 16, 2008, 6:07 AM
FYI,
Para ethnologue, menurut website Wikipedia ( http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/
Ethnologue_list_ of_most_spoken_ languages ) mengklasifikasi ranking
bahasa dunia didasarkan pada jumlah pemakai bahasa tersebut. Di dalam
website tersebut, kita dapat mengetahui jumlah pemakai bahasa dan di
mana bahasa tersebut dipakai di dunia.
Klasifikasinya adalah sebagai berikut:
1 Chinese 1,205m (1999)
People's Republic of China, Republic of China
(Taiwan), Malaysia, Singapore This figure includes
all varieties of Chinese such as Mandarin and Cantonese, which are not
necessarily mutually intelligible
2 Spanish 322.3m (1995)
Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Spain, United States,
Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, El Salvador,
Honduras, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica,
Uruguay, Panama, Belize, Andorra, Gibraltar
3 English 309.4m (1984)
United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia,
South Africa, New Zealand, Ireland, Singapore, Bermuda, Northern
Mariana Islands, The Bahamas, Guam, Cayman Islands
Does not include significant populations in countries
such as Jamaica and Guyana, where speakers are said to speak creoles.
See, List of countries by English-speaking population.
4 Arabic 206m (1999)
Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Iraq, Sudan, Saudi Arabia,
Yemen, Syria, Tunisia, Libya, Lebanon, Jordan, Mauritania, Palestinian
territories, Israel, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Chad, Kuwait, Bahrain,
Qatar, Djibouti, Somalia, Western Sahara Figure from
all varieties of Arabic, which are not necessarily mutually intelligible
5 Hindi 180.8m (1991) (Khariboli
dialect only) India, Fiji Speakers
of the main Khariboli dialect(1991) . Indian census (2001) figure is
422m, and represents all Hindi dialects, which the Ethnologue deems
mutually unintelligible. Hindi and Urdu are considered as separate
languages although they are mutually intelligible when used in everyday
conversation. They are written in two different scripts.
6 Portuguese 177.5m (1998) Brazil, Portugal
7 Bengali 171m (1994) Bangladesh, India
8 Russian 145m (2000)
Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Israel, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Estonia,
Lithuania, Turkmenistan
9 Japanese 122m (1985) Japan
10 Standard German 95.4m (1994)
Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein
This figure seems to include Swiss German, even
though this is listed under a different code. Ethnologue divides
"German" into 18 dialects[1] (Middle and Upper German, not including
Low German and Yiddish), totalling to 114.2 million. Including Yiddish
and Northern Low Saxon, the total is 118 million.
11 Javanese 75.5m (1989) Indonesia, Suriname
12 Telugu 69.7m (1997) India
13 Marathi 68m (1997) India
14 Vietnamese 67.4m (1999) Vietnam
15 Korean 67m (1986) South Korea, North Korea
16 Tamil 66m (1997)
India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Maldives
17 French 64.9m (1999)
France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, French Guiana,
French Polynesia, New Caledonia and other overseas territories and
departments of France. Figure does not include
significant populations in countries such as Haiti and Mauritius, where
speakers are said to speak creoles. 14th edition (2000) gives 77m total.
18 Italian 61.5m
Italy, San Marino, Switzerland
Population includes some of whom are native
bilinguals of Italian and regional varieties, and some of whom may use
Italian as second language. Sicilian is included.
19 Western Panjabi 60.8m (2000)
Pakistan Figure does not include
Eastern Panjabi, spoken in India, 27.1m
20 Urdu 60.5m (1997)
Pakistan, India Standard Hindi and
Urdu are considered as separate languages although they are mutually
intelligible when used in everyday conversation. They are written in
two different scripts.
Ternyata kita juga tahu, bahwa sebenarnya penutur bahasa China dan
bahasa Spanyol lebih banyak dibanding mereka yang berbahasa Inggris.
Kemudian, bahasa Jawa ternyata memiliki jumlah penutur lebih banyak
dibandingkan bahasa Perancis dan bahasa Italia.
Untuk bahasa yang lain di luar Top 20, bisa melihatnya di http://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/ List_of_language s_by_number_ of_native_ speakers
Dari daftar rangking ini, kita tahu bahwa Bahasa Sunda (berada di
urutan ke-40) memiliki jumlah penutur (27 juta orang), artinya lebih
banyak dibandingkan bahasa Belanda, berdasarkan estimasi dari Summer
Institute of Linguistics hanya memiliki sekitar 20 juta penutur di
tahun 2006 (estimasi yang lain menulis sekitar 25 juta penutur) dan
bahasa Indonesia yang hanya memiliki 23,1 juta orang (tapi berdasarkan
estimasi dari Summer Institute of Linguistics hanya 17,1 juta orang
penutur sedangkan estimasi yang lain menulis 140 juta orang menjadikan
bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua)?
Berikut ini adalah jumlah penutur bahasa lokal dan sekaligus bahasa nasional
Indonesia menurut ethnologue:
Javanese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi 75,500,000
75,600,000 70-75 million
Sundanese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi Native to Indonesia (origin in western
Java) 27 million (2006) 27 million
(1990)
Indonesian Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian
23.1 million, national language in Indonesia
17.1 million 140 million second
language
Malay Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic Official in Brunei, Malaysia,
Singapore. Native to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand. Significant
communities in Australia, Bahrain. 23.6 million
(2006) 18 million native, 3 million second language,
= 21 million total (not counting Indonesian)
Madurese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi Native to Indonesia (Originally Java,
Madura) 13.7 million (2006) 14
million (1995)
Minangkabau Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic Indonesia (Sumatra)
6.5 million (2006) 6.5 million
(1981 Moussay) (dated data)
Batak Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Northern Sumatra Indonesia
2 million (2006) ~6.2 million, all
varieties (c. 1991 UBS) (dated data). Includes Toba, Dairi, Simalungun,
etc.
Balinese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Bali-Sasak Indonesia (Bali, Lombok)
3.8 million (2006) 3.9 million
(2001 Johnstone and Mandryk)
Buginese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, South Sulawesi Indonesia
3.5 million native, 0.5
million second language, = ~4 million total (1991 SIL)
Acehnese Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Malayic Indonesia 3
million (2006) ~3 million (1999 WA)
Betawi creole Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi, Creole Indonesia
2.7 million (1993 Johnstone)
Sasak Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sunda-Sulawesi
Indonesia 2.1 million (1989)
Makasar Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi Indonesia 1.6
million native, 400,000 second language, = 2 million total (1989)
Lampung Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi Indonesia ~1.5
million (1981 Wurm and Hattori)
Tausug Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Borneo-Philippine Philippines Significant communities
in Indonesia (Kalimantan) , Malaysia (Sabah)
Rejang Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian,
Sunda-Sulawesi Indonesia ~1 million
(1981 Wurm and Hattori)
Taba Austronesian Indonesia 20,000
Semoga referensi ini, bisa jadi pertimbangan kenapa kita harus memilih,
belajar dan atau melestarikan suatu bahasa tertentu di dunia...
Salam hangat dari Paris,
Syaltout
