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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-9053?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=14949749#comment-14949749
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Tsz Wo Nicholas Sze commented on HDFS-9053:
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Hi [~hitliuyi],
44 bytes overhead is not small especially when most of the directories fall in
this case. Just like that we did very hard but only able to save 40 bytes per
replica in HDFS-8859.
I agree that the current BTree implementation has an advantage that it can
shrink. We may also implement our a shrinkable array list. The shrinkable
feature does not seem a big deal since this is not a common case.
> ... we may need write a class to wrap the two data structures, ...
Wrapping is not needed. The field in INodeDirectory is List<INode> children
which may refer to either an ArrayList or a BTreeList. We may replace the list
at runtime.
For the new B-Tree implementation. I am also worry about the potiental bugs
and the risk. If there is a bug in B-Tree, it is possible to lose one or more
sub trees and, as a result, lose a lot of data. ArrayList is already
well-tested. Anyway, we need more tests for the B-Tree, especially some long
running random tests.
> Support large directories efficiently using B-Tree
> --------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: HDFS-9053
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-9053
> Project: Hadoop HDFS
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: namenode
> Reporter: Yi Liu
> Assignee: Yi Liu
> Priority: Critical
> Attachments: HDFS-9053 (BTree with simple benchmark).patch, HDFS-9053
> (BTree).patch, HDFS-9053.001.patch, HDFS-9053.002.patch, HDFS-9053.003.patch,
> HDFS-9053.004.patch
>
>
> This is a long standing issue, we were trying to improve this in the past.
> Currently we use an ArrayList for the children under a directory, and the
> children are ordered in the list, for insert/delete, the time complexity is
> O\(n), (the search is O(log n), but insertion/deleting causes re-allocations
> and copies of arrays), for large directory, the operations are expensive. If
> the children grow to 1M size, the ArrayList will resize to > 1M capacity, so
> need > 1M * 8bytes = 8M (the reference size is 8 for 64-bits system/JVM)
> continuous heap memory, it easily causes full GC in HDFS cluster where
> namenode heap memory is already highly used. I recap the 3 main issues:
> # Insertion/deletion operations in large directories are expensive because
> re-allocations and copies of big arrays.
> # Dynamically allocate several MB continuous heap memory which will be
> long-lived can easily cause full GC problem.
> # Even most children are removed later, but the directory INode still
> occupies same size heap memory, since the ArrayList will never shrink.
> This JIRA is similar to HDFS-7174 created by [~kihwal], but use B-Tree to
> solve the problem suggested by [~shv].
> So the target of this JIRA is to implement a low memory footprint B-Tree and
> use it to replace ArrayList.
> If the elements size is not large (less than the maximum degree of B-Tree
> node), the B-Tree only has one root node which contains an array for the
> elements. And if the size grows large enough, it will split automatically,
> and if elements are removed, then B-Tree nodes can merge automatically (see
> more: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree). It will solve the above 3
> issues.
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