Of possible interest. Best wishes, Jasmin
________________________________
From: SACO Cataloging Discussion List <[email protected]> on behalf of 
Cataloging Policy and Standards <[email protected]>
Sent: Wednesday, August 6, 2025 8:32 AM
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: [SACOLIST] SACO Shorts: Establishing certain entities in the name or 
subject authority file (frequently asked question)


H 405 Establishing Certain Entities in the Name or Subject Authority 
File<https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeSHM/H0405.pdf__;!!IBzWLUs!Sp59z42tA4n2NBsmmAOUOuIylZ6rnoyWnKt3znygRwhmV5Vk3Ih49EW30jHjd6eRLXLJ9Bwv9dAFn1c$>
 is a powerful instruction sheet. You may have heard this sheet referred to 
colloquially as “the division of the world.” The name authority or subject 
authority division of the world has changed over time (the long history is 
included in section A. Background), but the current division is as follows:



  1.  Headings always established according to descriptive cataloging 
conventions (Group 1 headings) with authority records that always reside in the 
name authority file.
  2.  Headings always established according to subject cataloging conventions 
(Group 2 headings) with authority records that:
     *   Reside in the subject authority file if used only as subject headings; 
or
     *   Reside in the name authority file if the headings are needed for use 
as descriptive access points.



H 405 includes specific instructions for how to search both the name and 
subject authority files and establish any new headings required. It may also be 
the case that a heading in the subject authority file needs to be canceled in 
favor of establishing the heading in the name authority file, or vice versa.



General rules are provided in Section C. Group 1 specific instructions are in 
Section D, and Group 2 specific instructions are in Section E.

Apart from dividing entities into Group 1 and Group 2 headings, H 405 also 
indicates the MARC tag to be used with each entity. Charts with entity types, 
MARC tag, and notes can be found in Section F for Group 1 and Section G for 
Group 2.



Example 1

In 1845, British naval officer Sir John Franklin led an expeditionary force of 
two ships, H.M.S. Erebus and H.M.S. Terror to find the Northwest Passage. 
According to H 405, military expeditions and ships are Group 1 entities, while 
waterways are Group 2 entities.



Group 1:

Expeditions, Military (note: Headings in this category are military expeditions 
that are not campaigns, battles, sieges, etc. Military expeditions that are 
campaigns, battles, sieges, etc., are Group 2 and established as subject 
headings tagged 150).



111 2  $a John Franklin Arctic Expedition $d (1845-1851)



Ships



110 2  $a Erebus (Ship)
110 2  $a Terror (Ship)



Expeditions and named ships can be established in the name authority file by a 
NACO trained cataloger.



Group 2:

Waterways



151    $a Northwest Passage



Waterways would need to be proposed to LCSH and go through the approval process.



Example 2

People visit planetariums to learn more about astronomy and outer space. 
According to H 405, the planetarium itself is a Group 1 entity, but the named 
celestial bodies, astronomical features, satellites (artificial and natural), 
and space vehicles you might learn about in the planetarium could be either 
Group 1 or Group 2 entities.



Group 1:

Planetariums



110 2  $a Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum



Satellites, Artificial



110 2  $a Explorer 1 (Artificial satellite)
110 2  $a International Space Station



Space vehicles

110 2  $a Apollo 13 (Spacecraft)
110 2  $a Atlantis (Space shuttle)
110 2  $a Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft)



Planetariums, Artificial satellites, and Space vehicles can be established in 
the name authority file by a NACO trained cataloger.



Group 2:

Astronomical features (asteroids, comets, galaxies, planets, etc.) and 
Celestial bodies and Satellites (i.e., moons) N.B. PTCP recognizes that there 
is considerable overlap between these three categories!



151    $a Andromeda Galaxy
151    $a Ares Vallis (Mars)
151    $a Halley’s comet
151    $a Iapetus (Satellite)
151    $a Moon
151    $a Pleiades
151    $a Saturn (Planet)
151    $a Sirius
151    $a Taurus (Constellation)


Astronomical features, Celestial bodies, and Satellites (moons) would need to 
be proposed to LCSH and go through the approval process.



Deciding whether an entity belongs to Group 1 or Group 2 is a straightforward 
decision most of the time. However, there is a small subcategory of so-called 
“ambiguous entities.” These are Group 2 entities needed as descriptive access 
points, as described in section E. Group 2 instructions, part E.2. Heading 
needed for use as descriptive access point. When you have an ambiguous entity, 
you will need to rely on additional guidance in the DCM Z1. Name and Series 
Authority Records, Appendix 1, Ambiguous Entities. We will do a deeper dive 
into “ambiguous entities” in a future SACO Short!



SACO Shorts are quick tips that cover common proposal problems or frequently 
asked questions. SACO Shorts are (usually) published on the first and third 
Mondays of the month.


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