On 22 Dez., 04:16, Tom Sharpless <tksharpl...@gmail.com> wrote:

> Kay is right.  There is no way software, just looking at an image, can
> tell which way is up.  That requires outside information, either from
> a person, who can judge such things, or even better, from a sensor in
> the camera.

Maybe intelligent guesswork could get it right in a reasonable number
of cases, though:

- roll isn't excessive
- pitch isn't either
- there are vertical linear edges detectable in the image

with these guesses assumed true (and specified as prerequisites for
the method to work), try

- any detectable linear edges roughly parallel to assumed vertical are
candidates
- if a good number of these candidates are near paralel or can be
found to converge in a common point, they probably are vertical too

The person who takes the photo doesn't just hold the camera out
randomly, particularly if the intent is to later make it into a
panorama, so the approach might work just like auto-levelling in hugin
works well with it's statistical approach if the images are
reasonable. Most photographers will make an effort to get their
verticals right, so it would only be a matter of fine-tuning the
result. If that fails or the prerequisites aren't met, it can still be
done manually.

Kay

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