In a message dated 12/31/2007 2:13:53 P.M. Central Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: >When processors srarted to include High-Speed Buffers, now commonly called cache, any published timings became very difficult to determine. When memory references were simple real memory references, the time required for each was easily determined. There was also LCS (Large Capacity Storage, Low Cost Storage, bulk storage) in the late 1960s that could move a double-word aligned field much faster than with regular storage, thus adding another variable not accounted for in any instruction timing formula. It was installed on a S/360 Model 75 to which I had access. That data center's billing algorithm gave users an incentive to use the bulk storage if possible, thus letting their jobs run faster, thus allowing greater daily throughput of the whole data center. Bill Fairchild Franklin, TN
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