I find a great deal of value in reading your posts, Steve. Knowing that you 
have experience with Amdahl in hardware adds to my respect for your insights.

> On 29 Aug 2023, at 8:35 am, Steve Thompson <ste...@wkyr.net> wrote:
> 
> Back in the day, we worked on RAS. So we put in error detection hardware 
> (sometimes that was "firmware, or macrocode) and IBM and all our competitors 
> were doing the same. And the idea was to have redundant power supplies so 
> that a CE could do maint, and not take down the system. And if possible, 
> redundant channel paths to a device controller so that you could pull a 
> channel cable and replace it.
> 
> Today, with IBM, you can add or subtract CPUs while the machine is running. 
> But, at least with the z15s, you could not add RAM without taking the system 
> down, as in power it down.
> 
> So that would be a RAS hit, or, cause you to miss your 99.999 target.
> 
> For people who do hardware and to some degree software (O/S stuff), you do 
> all you can to recover from any problem. I like VM and its ability to see it 
> is injured and it will IPL itself. But, to keep those SLAs, there is SSI. So 
> an LPAR can move its workload to another LPAR (PAIRs determined in advance 
> here) and keep that work running. We did this at a large health insurer so 
> that we could do VM upgrades with no outages.
> 
> So how you measure that up time depends on the equipment and ability to do 
> HOT SWAP, and related so you do not take an outage.
> 
> What happens if a WINTEL server running MQ buys the farm? Those inflight 
> transactions going through that server may time out and have to be re-driven. 
> Is this considered an outage? Not if you have a second one handling the load 
> and it takes over. But that one or 10(?) users may see an error message. Does 
> that count as an outage if the user only loses a few seconds in getting an 
> answer? Or a Pharmacy getting info? Or an OR getting info on drug 
> interactions?
> 
> Need some perspective.
> 
> Steve Thompson
> 
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