These events happened gradually and under central
delegation (that could be revoked, see 1998 root incident),
moving from a fully centrally controlled internet (that looked
an awful lot like a network) to what we have today,
where no one can control both ends of a communication
channel, neither sending nor  receiving. Nor the route.

Even though it was so gradual that it was  almost
unnoticeable, the transformation from a centrally controlled
network to a true internet where no one is "in charge" can
and did of course cause much uncertainty and conflict. And
this just gets harder as the Net expands to more than 60%
US houselholds served and brings in new users who
are utterly clueless. IMO, the solution is to learn how to
trust that which we cannot control. To some this may
sound even sacrilegious, but life is no different  ;-)

Cheers,

Ed Gerck


Bill Manning wrote:

>  BITnet played a part also, though it was a later on.
>
> On Thu, Jan 24, 2002 at 11:11:05AM -0500, vint cerf wrote:
> > yes - Phone Net (University of Delaware developed) and the Telenet (X.25)
> >
> > vint
> >
> > At 11:03 AM 1/24/2002 -0500, Michael Hammer wrote:
> > >Quick question:  Could one university communicate to another university without 
>going through the ARPANET?
> > >
> > >Mike
>
> -
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