Nice Share Surajit Ji On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 8:56 PM, surajit koley (Google Drive) < [email protected]> wrote:
> [image: Document] I've shared Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of > Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> > Click to open: > > - Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of > Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> > > > The Golden Fibre of Bengal > > Internet tells you half the story, mostly put forward by semi-literate > persons (me too), for i searched ‘The golden fibre of > Bengal<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bengal>’, > and i get “Golden Fibre of > Bangladesh<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History>”. > In future, say, 50 yrs. from now, an average reader may not be aware of the > fact that what has been termed as “The Golden Fibre of Bangladesh” was > actually a native fibre grown and extensively used in Bengal > Province<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidency> > . > > What you will find in the net :- > > History :- > > 1. Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white > jute from ancient times for household and other uses. - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#White_jute_.28Corchorus_capsularis.29 > 2. During Mughal era in India, jute clothes were worn by the poor > villagers. Earlier in West Bengal, ropes and twines used for different > domestic household applications are made of white jute. Apart from textile > application, Chinese paper manufacturers used jute plants to abstract > paper. - http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html > 3. In 1793, the Bengal Board of Trade sent a Jute fibre sample to the > United Kingdom strictly for experimentation related to mechanical > processing. The breakthrough came in 1833, when Jute fibre was spun > mechanically in Dundee, Scotland. - > > https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ > 4. Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s, > set up the first jute mills in Bengal.- > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History > 5. The first Indian Jute mill was constructed in 1855 at Calcutta > (Currently spelled Kolkata), which was the capital of the Bengal Province > in British India. - > > https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ > 6. Mr. George Acland had brought jute spinning machinery from Dundee > to India, the first power driven weaving factory was established at > Rishra <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishra>, on the River Hooghly > near Calcutta in year 1855. - > http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html > 7. By the year 1869, five mills were established with around 950 > looms. The growth was so fast that, by the year 1910, 38 companies were > operating around 30,685 looms, rendering more than a billion yards of cloth > and over 450 million bags. - > http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html > 8. By the early 1900s the Calcutta Jute industry surpassed the > European Jute industry. - > > https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ > 9. In India 4000,000 families are involved in the cultivation of raw > jute. There are 76 jute mills in India and nearly 1,37,679(Oct.2001) > people are employed in these mills. Several thousand other people are > engaged in several jute related diversified goods. - > http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html > > Botanical Aspect :- > > > 1. Jute (Corchorus > capsularis<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013575> > & > Corchorus > olitorius<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013576>), > Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Roselle (H. sabdariffa var. altissima) > are vegetable bast fibre plants next to cotton in importance. In the trade > there are usually two names of jute, White and Tossa. Corchorus > capsularis is called White Jute and Corchorus olitorius is called > Tossa Jute. In India & Bangladesh Roselle is usually called Mesta. Jute > fibres are finer and stronger than Mesta and are, therefore, better in > quality. - http://www.jute.org/plant.htm > 2. Kenaf known as Mesta or Ambari (species Hibiscus Cannabinus) is > also considered as a variety of Jute. It is cultivated in Indian > sub-continent, Thailand, China and Africa. The two main types of jute, > white jute (Corchorus capsularis)and dark jute or tossa (Corchorus > olitorius) are grown in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, south > Asian countries and Brazil. - > http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html > > What you may not find in the net :- > > 1. PATTAVASTRA, main fabrics of Ancient India was produced from Jute > fibres - > > http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/608/1/IJTK%207(1)%20(2008)%20204-207.pdf > > > 1. Leaves of Jute plant is used as SHAAK (SHAG) or leafy vegetable > and, though not delicious, you can try it for a change in taste buds. > 2. Jute fibres are used to make Puja Pandals and idols > 3. Fibres were also used to make dolls > 4. Dry stems are called PAAT-KAATHI or PANKAATHI in Bengali, is used > as fuel. It is essential to grow PAAN or Betel Leaf (Piper > betle<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel> > L. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel>). A room, which is called > PAAN BORUJ, is erected by covering a rectangle land with PANKAATHI fence. > (forget whatever wiki says - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel#Cultivation) > 5. Dry stems are also essential to produce fireworks - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(firework) you burn in DIWALI > 6. When i was a kid i learned my first smoking lesson by lighting a > small piece of dry Jute stem, ...so did my friends! > > More reading :- > > 1. Golden era with rare photographs - > > https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ > 2. Jute traders - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute_trade#East_India_Company > 3. Ecological aspect - http://www.jute.org/ecology.htm > 4. Features of Jute fibre - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#Features > 5. Economic impact - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)#Economic_impact > 6. Hooghly District - > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooghly_district#Economy > 7. Jute cultivation - http://agroeducation.com/home/2012/06/29/jute/ > 8. Recent Article - > http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/fall-golden-fibre > > Trivia :- > > 1. species - Corchorus sp. > 2. Bengali name : PAAT > 3. Habit & Habitat : water intensive cultivated herb > 4. photographed at Balarambati (Hooghly) & Gobra (Hooghly) on 23/8/12 > & 25/8/12 > > Thank you and Regards, > > surajit / 02nd Sept., 2012 > > Google Drive: create, share and keep all of your stuff in one place. > [image: Logo for Google Drive] <https://drive.google.com> > > -- > > > > -- Regards Dr Balkar Singh Head, Deptt. of Botany and Biotechnology Arya P G College, Panipat Haryana-132103 09416262964 --
