Thank you very much Balkar Sir. Regards,
surajit On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 8:59 PM, Balkar Singh <[email protected]> wrote: > Nice Share Surajit Ji > > On Sun, Sep 2, 2012 at 8:56 PM, surajit koley (Google Drive) < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> [image: Document] I've shared Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of >> Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> >> Click to open: >> >> - Sunday special : The Golden Fibre of >> Bengal<https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IMUfRlSohPwG1Rl1qp9Q5hGT4cTOZP_SKazlN9VrzSA/edit> >> >> >> The Golden Fibre of Bengal >> >> Internet tells you half the story, mostly put forward by semi-literate >> persons (me too), for i searched ‘The golden fibre of >> Bengal<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bengal>’, >> and i get “Golden Fibre of >> Bangladesh<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History>”. >> In future, say, 50 yrs. from now, an average reader may not be aware of the >> fact that what has been termed as “The Golden Fibre of Bangladesh” was >> actually a native fibre grown and extensively used in Bengal >> Province<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidency> >> . >> >> What you will find in the net :- >> >> History :- >> >> 1. Indians, especially Bengalis, used ropes and twines made of white >> jute from ancient times for household and other uses. - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#White_jute_.28Corchorus_capsularis.29 >> 2. During Mughal era in India, jute clothes were worn by the poor >> villagers. Earlier in West Bengal, ropes and twines used for different >> domestic household applications are made of white jute. Apart from textile >> application, Chinese paper manufacturers used jute plants to abstract >> paper. - http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >> 3. In 1793, the Bengal Board of Trade sent a Jute fibre sample to the >> United Kingdom strictly for experimentation related to mechanical >> processing. The breakthrough came in 1833, when Jute fibre was spun >> mechanically in Dundee, Scotland. - >> >> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >> 4. Margaret Donnelly, a jute mill landowner in Dundee in the 1800s, >> set up the first jute mills in Bengal.- >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#History >> 5. The first Indian Jute mill was constructed in 1855 at Calcutta >> (Currently spelled Kolkata), which was the capital of the Bengal Province >> in British India. - >> >> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >> 6. Mr. George Acland had brought jute spinning machinery from Dundee >> to India, the first power driven weaving factory was established at >> Rishra <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishra>, on the River Hooghly >> near Calcutta in year 1855. - >> http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >> 7. By the year 1869, five mills were established with around 950 >> looms. The growth was so fast that, by the year 1910, 38 companies were >> operating around 30,685 looms, rendering more than a billion yards of >> cloth >> and over 450 million bags. - >> http://www.jute-industry.com/history-of-jute.html >> 8. By the early 1900s the Calcutta Jute industry surpassed the >> European Jute industry. - >> >> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >> 9. In India 4000,000 families are involved in the cultivation of raw >> jute. There are 76 jute mills in India and nearly 1,37,679(Oct.2001) >> people are employed in these mills. Several thousand other people are >> engaged in several jute related diversified goods. - >> http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html >> >> Botanical Aspect :- >> >> >> 1. Jute (Corchorus >> capsularis<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013575> >> & >> Corchorus >> olitorius<http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200013576>), >> Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Roselle (H. sabdariffa var. altissima) >> are vegetable bast fibre plants next to cotton in importance. In the trade >> there are usually two names of jute, White and Tossa. Corchorus >> capsularis is called White Jute and Corchorus olitorius is called >> Tossa Jute. In India & Bangladesh Roselle is usually called Mesta. Jute >> fibres are finer and stronger than Mesta and are, therefore, better in >> quality. - http://www.jute.org/plant.htm >> 2. Kenaf known as Mesta or Ambari (species Hibiscus Cannabinus) is >> also considered as a variety of Jute. It is cultivated in Indian >> sub-continent, Thailand, China and Africa. The two main types of jute, >> white jute (Corchorus capsularis)and dark jute or tossa (Corchorus >> olitorius) are grown in India, Bangladesh, Thailand, China, south >> Asian countries and Brazil. - >> http://www.worldjute.com/about_jute/abj_intro.html >> >> What you may not find in the net :- >> >> 1. PATTAVASTRA, main fabrics of Ancient India was produced from Jute >> fibres - >> >> http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/608/1/IJTK%207(1)%20(2008)%20204-207.pdf >> >> >> 1. Leaves of Jute plant is used as SHAAK (SHAG) or leafy vegetable >> and, though not delicious, you can try it for a change in taste buds. >> 2. Jute fibres are used to make Puja Pandals and idols >> 3. Fibres were also used to make dolls >> 4. Dry stems are called PAAT-KAATHI or PANKAATHI in Bengali, is used >> as fuel. It is essential to grow PAAN or Betel Leaf (Piper >> betle<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel> >> L. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel>). A room, which is called >> PAAN BORUJ, is erected by covering a rectangle land with PANKAATHI fence. >> (forget whatever wiki says - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel#Cultivation) >> 5. Dry stems are also essential to produce fireworks - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_(firework) you burn in DIWALI >> 6. When i was a kid i learned my first smoking lesson by lighting a >> small piece of dry Jute stem, ...so did my friends! >> >> More reading :- >> >> 1. Golden era with rare photographs - >> >> https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress.com/2008/04/25/globalization-and-jute-bengal-dundee/ >> 2. Jute traders - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute_trade#East_India_Company >> 3. Ecological aspect - http://www.jute.org/ecology.htm >> 4. Features of Jute fibre - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#Features >> 5. Economic impact - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)#Economic_impact >> 6. Hooghly District - >> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooghly_district#Economy >> 7. Jute cultivation - http://agroeducation.com/home/2012/06/29/jute/ >> 8. Recent Article - >> http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/fall-golden-fibre >> >> Trivia :- >> >> 1. species - Corchorus sp. >> 2. Bengali name : PAAT >> 3. Habit & Habitat : water intensive cultivated herb >> 4. photographed at Balarambati (Hooghly) & Gobra (Hooghly) on 23/8/12 >> & 25/8/12 >> >> Thank you and Regards, >> >> surajit / 02nd Sept., 2012 >> >> Google Drive: create, share and keep all of your stuff in one place. >> [image: Logo for Google Drive] <https://drive.google.com> >> >> -- >> >> >> >> > > > > -- > Regards > > Dr Balkar Singh > Head, Deptt. of Botany and Biotechnology > Arya P G College, Panipat > Haryana-132103 > 09416262964 > --
