A very rich collection of references to the ear is:

Bollée, Willem B., 2010. Remarks on the cultural history of the ear in India. 
Pp. 141-167 in: Balbir, Nalini (ed.) 2010. Svasti: Essays in honour of 
Professor Hampa Nagarajaiah for his 75th birthday. Bangalore: K. S. Muddappa 
Smaraka Trust. 

On p. 145 Bollée discusses the form of the ear, starting with “Karṇa ‘Longear’ 
(?)” and “Vikarṇa ‘With widely extended ears’” … “Long ears are a positive mark 
of Mahāvīra (…); such people, however, are to be excluded from the sacrifice to 
the dead.” …

Best wishes for a Happy New Year 2022,

Asko Parpola


> On 31. Dec 2021, at 8.32, Allen Thrasher via INDOLOGY 
> <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> If the particular work of art shows a large piercing or rather a hole in the 
> ear, it must intend to communicate that he used to have large and heavy 
> earrings, which he renounced.  This does not necessarily mean that his ears 
> were not also naturally pinayata.

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