easyice opened a new pull request, #13376:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/13376

   Closes: https://github.com/apache/lucene/issues/13373
   
   This exception occurs because a negative  integer value stores as  positive 
long.  In line 376, after a long value `<< 1`, if the sign bit of the 
**integer** value is 1, it will be a  negative number as integer, but a 
positive numbers as long, when we stores this value as positive long, it would 
cause `Math.toIntExact` to throw `ArithmeticException` exception.
   
   
   
https://github.com/apache/lucene/blob/f12e4899bf0420693e4f524a515dafcf0f21a3d3/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene99/Lucene99PostingsWriter.java#L373-L379
   
   POC code:
   
   ```java
       public void testDelta() {
           int delta = 1 << 30;
           long deltaL = delta;
           deltaL = (deltaL << 1) | 1;
           System.out.println(deltaL > Integer.MAX_VALUE); // true
           System.out.println(deltaL); // 2147483649
           System.out.println((int) deltaL); // -2147483647
           Math.toIntExact(deltaL); // ArithmeticException: integer overflow
       }
   ```
   
   TODO:
   
   - [ ] add more tests
   


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