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 Subject: Dr P M Bhargava exposes the politics of the polio vaccine.
> The politics of polio Pushpa M. Bhargava
> ________________________________
> Even the appropriate WHO document clearly states that there is evidence
> that OPV has not worked in developing countries.
> ________________________________
>
> That Sabin's oral polio vaccine (OPV) has not been able to eradicate polio
> in our country, is now well established (inter alia, Economic and Political
> Weekly, 4-11-06, p. 4538-4540; and 23-12-06, p.5229-5237; Tehelka, 11-11-06,
> p.8-9; The Hindu, Hyderabad, November 13, 2006, p.11; Down to Earth,
> 31-12-06, p.24-31; Conclusions Recommendations of a National Consultative
> Meeting organised by Ind ian Medical Association in New Delhi on May 14,
> 2006; Editorial in the Indian Journal of Medical Research, (IJMR), January
> 2007, p. 1-4; and numerous other articles in some of the world's best known
> scientific journals, such as Science.)
> [I do not subscribe to the theory that the IPV is in any way a better
> choice than the OPV. It is like comparing one monster to another; all cases
> of polio in the developed countries are today attributed to the IPV
> advocated here which can also cause the dreaded paralytic state "Guillain
> Barre Syndrome". The first positive step should be to study the disease
> again with renewed intensity to find out the real cause. And now that the
> OPV has been repeatedly exposed I would like to talk again about the issue
> of compensation to the OPV paralysed children who may number more than a
> lakh as per unofficial sources, (The Telegraph quoted the figure of 3 lakhs
> in 2006). In the US recently a case of OPV induced paralysis appeared 16
> years after taking the vaccine. Is there any such long term follow up in
> India? There is no other option, vaccines should go, sense should
> prevail. We and our children have suffered enough of this cruel and
> uncivillised, definitely
>  unscientific,  intervention - Jagannath]
> Not only that the cases of non–polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in those
> vaccinated with OPV have shown a dramatic rise. It appears that in 2005, in
> Uttar Pradesh alone, 4,800 had residual paralysis, or died after acquiring
> non-polio AFP, in comparison to the all-India figure of 4,793 polio cases in
> 1994; the 2006 data, after six doses of monovalent OPV, are worse. The
> infructuous expenditure on the OPV programme would probably run into
> thousands of crores.
> The pity of it is that all this was anticipated (Bhargava, The Hindu,
> December 12, 1999 ), and that we could have easily eradicated polio from our
> country by now. We did not do so because our successive governments and
> those who worked for them in responsible positions such as Secretaries and
> Joint Secretaries in the Ministry of Health, Directors-General of Medical
> and Health Services and even of the ICMR, were primarily (exclusively?)
> committed to personal and certain foreign interests and not to the cause of
> polio eradication. Here is the story with which I was, in the initial
> stages, connected.Two types of vaccines
> There have been two types of vaccines available against polio: the
> injectable Salk vaccine (IPV) and the oral Sabin vaccine (OPV) using an
> attenuated live virus. Till the early 1980s, OPV was used in the developed
> countries to maintain the polio-free status that had been largely achieved
> through the use of IPV beginning the 1950s. By 1988, Jonas Salk (one of the
> most celebrated scientists of the last century who made the first successful
> polio vaccine, the IPV) had developed an enhanced potency injectable vaccine
> (M-IPV). In a letter dated December 1, 1988 to me, he wrote, "It is urgent
> that the incidence [of polio] be reduced as rapidly as possible. A simple
> way would be to administer a single dose of the enhanced potency IPV
> (M-IPV), to all those of six months of age or over who may have already
> received one or more doses of OPV (some of whom we know, from experience may
> not have been protected), and to those of the same age who may not have been
>  previously immunised against polio. A single dose of M-IPV of sufficient
> potency will induce antibody and/or immunologic memory in nearly all infants
> of that age. For infants less than six months of age who still possess
> maternal antibody, two doses, preferably, one with DTP are necessary." I had
> forwarded this letter to everyone concerned in the country with the polio
> vaccination programme at that time, but no one took any note of it.Evidence
> against OPV
> Even before I had received the above-mentioned letter from Jonas Salk, at a
> meeting held in Delhi in March 1988, convened by Sam Pitroda, the then
> Adviser to the Prime Minister for National Technology Missions, overwhelming
> evidence was presented that OPV had not worked in India (Bhargava, The
> Hindu, December 12, 1999 ). Virtually every one concerned with polio was
> present at this meeting at which an unambiguous decision was taken to shift
> to IPV.
> I quote from the official minutes of this meeting:
> "Expedite establishment of M-IPV programme. On moral grounds and
> considering the involvement of the lives of our children, cost shall be no
> consideration. Indigenous production of IPV before 1991 shall be aimed at."
> "Whenever children in large numbers are dying, getting afflicted with polio,
> the empty and hollow argument of their being used as guinea pigs cannot be
> accepted." "As new M-IPV programme ramps up, the OPV will ramp down."
> Although IPV has always been more expensive than OPV, this is compensated by
> the fact that one may need to take only one or at most two doses of IPV
> whereas, in the case of OPV, the number of doses could be above ten.
> It was clear that, for some time, OPV will continue to be with us. In fact,
> the then Secretary of the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), S.
> Ramachandran, had been earlier to the Soviet Union and, with their help, a
> factory (BIBCOL) to produce OPV was set up in Bulandshahr.
> In keeping with the decision of the 1988 meeting — the only meeting of
> experts and concerned people so far convened by the government in regard to
> polio vaccination programme — another company called Indian Vaccine
> Corporation Ltd (IVCOL) was set up with a capital outlay of Rs. 90 crores.
> Both DBT and the Indian Petrochemicals Ltd. of Baroda had equity in it even
> though the majority shares belonged to Institut Merieux, one of the world's
> largest, most reliable and respected vaccine producers that was committed to
> produce M-IPV which was far more heat-stable than OPV. Obliging WHO
> But we hadn't reckoned with our primary commitment to the interests of the
> developed countries. As already mentioned, by this time the West had decided
> to replace OPV with M-IPV. Therefore, market had to be found for OPV. WHO
> advised that developed countries use IPV, while developing countries use
> OPV. For us to oblige WHO, two steps were necessary: (1) that BIBCOL
> produces no OPV of its own; and (2) India reverses its decision to gradually
> shift to IPV. Both the steps were taken. BIBCOL has not produced a single
> dose of OPV till today, and the Ministry of Health decided soon after the
> March 1988 meeting, without any further consultations, to shift permanently
> to OPV. Consequently IVCOL was closed down after incurring substantial
> expenditure, and a number of senior officers of the above Ministry got plum
> U.N. jobs with tax-free dollar salaries, after retirement.
> It is particularly interesting that at a conference jointly organised by
> the International Comparative Virology Organisation and the WHO in New
> Delhi, in January 1992, experts from all over the world indicated the
> preference of IPV over OPV for any plans of eradication of polio in
> developing countries. Problem continues
> An interesting question that one may, therefore, ask is: if we really felt
> that there was a strong scientific case for using OPV (which there wasn't),
> why did we not make it ourselves. The answer is that this wouldn't have
> served the foreign interests to whom we had sold ourselves, ignoring the
> interests of our own people and the sane advice of our own experts based on
> incontrovertible evidence. It is amusing in this context that even the
> appropriate WHO document clearly states that there is evidence that OPV has
> not worked in developing countries.
> The 64,000-rupee question now is: would the government wake up and get out
> of the clutches of WHO so that it may serve our interests and not the
> interest of powers that be outside India? And if it needs endorsement from a
> foreign channel, it may read the article by V.K. Bhasin in January 2008
> issue of Nature Biotechnology, Nature being perhaps the world's best-known
> and most respected scientific periodical. The article says that, in 2006,
> there were 1,600 cases of OPV–induced polio plus a large number of cases of
> AFP from which virus was not cultured.
> So, the problem continues. But who cares! Polio is not a disease of
> billionaires.(Dr. P.M.. Bhargava is former vice-chairman, National Knowledge
> Commission.)
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>  "It is now 30 years since I have been confining myself to the treatment
> ofchronic diseases. During those 30 years I have run against so many
> histories of littlechildren who had never seen a sick day until they were
> vaccinated and who, in the severalyears that have followed, have never seen
> a well day since. I couldn't put my finger onthe disease they have. They
> just weren't strong. Their resistance was gone. They wereperfectly well
> before they were vaccinated. They have never been well since. "---Dr.
> William Howard Hay
>
>
>     

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