aliehsaeedii commented on code in PR #14957:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/14957#discussion_r1424277821


##########
streams/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/streams/state/internals/ReadonlyPartiallyDeserializedSegmentValueTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.streams.state.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.streams.query.ResultOrder;
+import 
org.apache.kafka.streams.state.internals.RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.SegmentValue;
+import 
org.apache.kafka.streams.state.internals.RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.SegmentValue.SegmentSearchResult;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.experimental.runners.Enclosed;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+@RunWith(Enclosed.class)
+public class ReadonlyPartiallyDeserializedSegmentValueTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Non-exceptional scenarios which are expected to occur during regular 
store operation.
+     */
+    @RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+    public static class ExpectedCasesTest {
+
+        private static final List<TestCase> TEST_CASES = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        static {
+            // test cases are expected to have timestamps in strictly 
decreasing order (except for the degenerate case)
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("single record", 10, new 
TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("multiple records", 10, new 
TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 8), new TestRecord("bar".getBytes(), 3), new 
TestRecord("baz".getBytes(), 0)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("single tombstone", 10, new 
TestRecord(null, 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("multiple tombstone", 10, new 
TestRecord(null, 4), new TestRecord(null, 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("tombstones and records (r, t, r)", 
10, new TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 5), new TestRecord(null, 2), new 
TestRecord("bar".getBytes(), 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("tombstones and records (t, r, t)", 
10, new TestRecord(null, 5), new TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 2), new 
TestRecord(null, 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("tombstones and records (r, r, t, t)", 
10, new TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 6), new TestRecord("bar".getBytes(), 5), 
new TestRecord(null, 2), new TestRecord(null, 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("tombstones and records (t, t, r, r)", 
10, new TestRecord(null, 7), new TestRecord(null, 6), new 
TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 2), new TestRecord("bar".getBytes(), 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("record with empty bytes", 10, new 
TestRecord(new byte[0], 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("records with empty bytes (r, e)", 10, 
new TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 4), new TestRecord(new byte[0], 1)));
+            TEST_CASES.add(new TestCase("records with empty bytes (e, e, r)", 
10, new TestRecord(new byte[0], 8), new TestRecord(new byte[0], 2), new 
TestRecord("foo".getBytes(), 1)));
+        }
+
+        private final TestCase testCase;
+
+        public ExpectedCasesTest(final TestCase testCase) {
+            this.testCase = testCase;
+        }
+
+        @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "{0}")
+        public static Collection<TestCase> data() {
+            return TEST_CASES;
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void shouldFindInTimeRangesWithDifferentOrders() {
+
+            // create a list of timestamps in ascending order to use them in 
combination for starting and ending point of the time range.
+            final List<Long> timestamps = 
createTimestampsFromTestRecords(testCase);
+
+            // verify results
+            final List<ResultOrder> orders = 
Arrays.asList(ResultOrder.ASCENDING, ResultOrder.ANY, ResultOrder.DESCENDING);
+            for (final ResultOrder order: orders) {
+                for (final Long from : timestamps) {
+                    for (final Long to : timestamps) {
+                        // build expected results indices based on time range
+                        final List<Integer> expectedRecordsIndices = new 
ArrayList<>();
+                        for (int i = 0; i < testCase.records.size(); i++) {
+                            final long recordValidTo = i == 0 ? 
testCase.nextTimestamp : testCase.records.get(i - 1).timestamp;
+                            if (testCase.records.get(i).timestamp <= to && 
recordValidTo > from) {
+                                if (testCase.records.get(i).value != null) { 
// the results do not include tombstones
+                                    expectedRecordsIndices.add(i);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // The only object that has access to the find method 
is the instance of LogicalSegmentIterator.
+                        // Therefore, closing the iterator means that the 
segment calling the find method is destroyed and needs
+                        // to be created for the next time range.
+                        final ReadonlyPartiallyDeserializedSegmentValue 
segmentValue = buildSegmentWithInsertLatest(testCase);
+                        if (order.equals(ResultOrder.ASCENDING)) {
+                            Collections.reverse(expectedRecordsIndices);
+                        }
+                        int segmentRecordIndex = -1;
+                        for (final int index : expectedRecordsIndices) {
+                            final long expectedValidTo = index == 0 ? 
testCase.nextTimestamp : testCase.records.get(index - 1).timestamp;
+
+                            final SegmentSearchResult result = 
segmentValue.find(from, to, order, segmentRecordIndex);
+                            assert result != null;
+
+                            final TestRecord expectedRecord = 
testCase.records.get(index);
+
+                            assertThat(result.index(), equalTo(index));
+                            assertThat(result.value(), 
equalTo(expectedRecord.value));
+                            assertThat(result.validFrom(), 
equalTo(expectedRecord.timestamp));
+                            assertThat(result.validTo(), 
equalTo(expectedValidTo));
+
+                            segmentRecordIndex = 
order.equals(ResultOrder.ASCENDING) ? index - 1 : index + 1;
+                        }
+                        // verify no results within the time range
+                        if (expectedRecordsIndices.size() == 0) {
+                            assertNull(segmentValue.find(from, to, order, -1));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Test
+        public void shouldGetTimestamps() {
+            final byte[] segmentValue = 
buildSegmentWithInsertLatest(testCase).serialize();
+
+            
assertThat(RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.getNextTimestamp(segmentValue),
 equalTo(testCase.nextTimestamp));
+            
assertThat(RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.getMinTimestamp(segmentValue),
 equalTo(testCase.minTimestamp));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ReadonlyPartiallyDeserializedSegmentValue 
buildSegmentWithInsertLatest(final TestCase testCase) {
+        SegmentValue segmentValue = null;
+        for (int recordIdx = testCase.records.size() - 1; recordIdx >= 0; 
recordIdx--) {
+            final TestRecord record = testCase.records.get(recordIdx);
+            final long validTo = recordIdx == 0 ? testCase.nextTimestamp : 
testCase.records.get(recordIdx - 1).timestamp;
+
+            if (segmentValue == null) {
+                // initialize
+                if (testCase.records.size() > 1 && record.value == null) {
+                    // when possible, validate that building up a segment 
starting from the degenerate case is valid as well
+                    segmentValue = 
RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.newSegmentValueWithRecord(null, 
record.timestamp, record.timestamp);
+                } else {
+                    segmentValue = 
RocksDBVersionedStoreSegmentValueFormatter.newSegmentValueWithRecord(record.value,
 record.timestamp, validTo);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // insert latest
+                segmentValue.insertAsLatest(record.timestamp, validTo, 
record.value);
+            }
+        }
+        assert segmentValue != null;

Review Comment:
   > `assertThat(..., notNull());` ? (Or could we even drop this line?)
   
   I replaced it with `assertNotNull(segmentValue);`. The intention is to 
prevent a warning that we have to suppress it. The next line 
`segmentValue.serialize()` produces the warning: `Method invocation 'serialize' 
may produce 'NullPointerException'`.



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