> This also means that a kuid outside of the range 100000-165535
> is literally meaningless with respect to that mount - the kernel
> has no way to map it to an id valid in the filesystem. 
> That is the real reason for the patch.

That is a compelling point.  mounts inside a user-namespace are only
well-defined if every file's uid lies within the user-namespace.

I wish I had realised that prior to filing the bug report, and am
now happy to close it as not-a-bug (-:  Thank you for your
highly informative replies.

** Changed in: linux (Ubuntu)
       Status: Triaged => Invalid

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1617388

Title:
  When using overlayfs with kernel 4.4, some files cannot be deleted.

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Invalid

Bug description:
  #!/bin/bash
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  # This script exhibits a bug in overlayfs in kernel 4.4.
  # The bug is not present in kernel 4.2.
  # The bug can be reproduced in an x86_64 virtual-machine;
  # 32-bit has not been tested.
  #
  # With kernel 4.2, the script output ends with:
  #   "script completed without encountering a kernel bug"
  #
  # With kernel 4.4, the script output ends with:
  #   "rm: cannot remove ‘mnt_ovl/sub/sub.txt’:
  #    Value too large for defined data type"
  #
  # The script depends upon lxc-usernsexec (part of the lxc1 package) to
  # create a user-namespace.
  #
  # The script should be run as a normal user (not root), in a directory where
  # the user has write-permission:
  # ./script
  # --------------------------------------------------------------------

  cleanup()
  {
     [[ -d "$storedir" ]] || exit 1
     cd "$storedir"       || exit 1
     [[ -d "$tmpdir"   ]] || exit 1
     lxc-usernsexec -m b:0:1000:1 -m b:100000:100000:1 -- rm -rf "$tmpdir"
  }

  trap cleanup EXIT

  set -e
  storedir="$(pwd)"

  # create tmpdir
  tmpdir="$(mktemp -d --tmpdir=.)"

  cd "$tmpdir"

  # create lowerdir for overlay
  mkdir -p lower/sub
  touch lower/lower.txt lower/sub/sub.txt

  cd ..

  chmod -R a+rwX "$tmpdir"

  # run a script in a user namepace
  lxc-usernsexec -m b:0:100000:65534 --  bash << EOF
     set -e
     cd "$tmpdir"

     # create tmpfs
     mkdir mnt_tmpfs
     mount -t tmpfs tmpfs mnt_tmpfs

     # create upperdir and workdir for overlay
     mkdir mnt_tmpfs/{upper,work}

     # mount overlay
     mkdir mnt_ovl
     mount -t overlay \
     -o lowerdir=lower,upperdir=mnt_tmpfs/upper,workdir=mnt_tmpfs/work \
     overlay mnt_ovl

     echo 'overlay directory listing'
     ls -RF mnt_ovl
     echo ''

     set -x
     rm mnt_ovl/lower.txt                # always succeeds
     rm mnt_ovl/sub/sub.txt              # fails with kernel 4.4+

     set +x
     echo 'script completed without encountering a kernel bug'

  EOF

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