On Fri, Dec 12, 2025 at 01:43:40PM -0600, Shenwei Wang wrote:
> On an AMP platform, the system may include two processors:

We have many examples where there's N systems and it's certainly not
unreasonable to have multiple remote processors expose GPIOs in this
fashion.

>       - An MCU running an RTOS
>       - An MPU running Linux
> 
> These processors communicate via the RPMSG protocol.
> The driver implements the standard GPIO interface, allowing
> the Linux side to control GPIO controllers which reside in
> the remote processor via RPMSG protocol.
> 
> Cc: Bartosz Golaszewski <[email protected]>
> Cc: Andrew Lunn <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Shenwei Wang <[email protected]>
> ---
>  drivers/gpio/Kconfig      |  16 ++
>  drivers/gpio/Makefile     |   1 +
>  drivers/gpio/gpio-rpmsg.c | 490 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 507 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 drivers/gpio/gpio-rpmsg.c
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> index bd185482a7fd..7a72b5dbd4a9 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/Kconfig
> @@ -1883,6 +1883,22 @@ config GPIO_SODAVILLE
>  
>  endmenu
>  
> +menu "RPMSG GPIO drivers"
> +     depends on RPMSG
> +
> +config GPIO_RPMSG
> +     tristate "Generic RPMSG GPIO support"
> +     select GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP
> +     default REMOTEPROC
> +     help
> +       Say yes here to support the generic GPIO functions over the RPMSG
> +       bus. Currently supported devices: i.MX7ULP, i.MX8ULP, i.MX8x,and
> +       i.MX9x.
> +
> +       If unsure, say N.
> +
> +endmenu
> +
>  menu "SPI GPIO expanders"
>       depends on SPI_MASTER
>  
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/Makefile b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> index 2421a8fd3733..b1373ec274c8 100644
> --- a/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/Makefile
> @@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_RDC321X)                += 
> gpio-rdc321x.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_REALTEK_OTTO)              += gpio-realtek-otto.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_REG)                       += gpio-reg.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_ROCKCHIP)  += gpio-rockchip.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_RPMSG)             += gpio-rpmsg.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_RTD)                       += gpio-rtd.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_ARCH_SA1100)            += gpio-sa1100.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_SAMA5D2_PIOBU)     += gpio-sama5d2-piobu.o
> diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpio-rpmsg.c b/drivers/gpio/gpio-rpmsg.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..cf10e2958374
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/gpio/gpio-rpmsg.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
> +/*
> + * Copyright 2025 NXP
> + *
> + * The driver exports a standard gpiochip interface to control
> + * the GPIO controllers via RPMSG on a remote processor.
> + */
> +#include <linux/completion.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> +#include <linux/err.h>
> +#include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
> +#include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/irqdomain.h>
> +#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
> +#include <linux/mutex.h>
> +#include <linux/of.h>
> +#include <linux/platform_device.h>
> +#include <linux/rpmsg.h>
> +#include <linux/rpmsg/rpdev_info.h>
> +
> +#define RPMSG_GPIO_ID                5
> +#define RPMSG_VENDOR         1
> +#define RPMSG_VERSION                0
> +
> +#define GPIOS_PER_PORT               32
> +#define RPMSG_TIMEOUT                1000
> +
> +enum gpio_input_trigger_type {
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_IGNORE,

These aren't enumerations, they are well defined constants of the
protocol. I think #define is better.

> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_RISING,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_FALLING,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_BOTH_EDGE,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_LOW_LEVEL,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_HIGH_LEVEL,
> +};
> +
> +enum gpio_rpmsg_header_type {
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_SETUP,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_REPLY,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_NOTIFY,
> +};
> +
> +enum gpio_rpmsg_header_cmd {
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_INPUT_INIT,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_OUTPUT_INIT,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_INPUT_GET,
> +     GPIO_RPMSG_DIRECTION_GET,
> +};
> +
> +struct gpio_rpmsg_head {
> +     u8 id;          /* Message ID Code */
> +     u8 vendor;      /* Vendor ID number */
> +     u8 version;     /* Vendor-specific version number */
> +     u8 type;        /* Message type */
> +     u8 cmd;         /* Command code */
> +     u8 reserved[5];
> +} __packed;
> +
> +struct gpio_rpmsg_packet {
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_head header;
> +     u8 pin_idx;
> +     u8 port_idx;
> +     union {
> +             u8 event;
> +             u8 retcode;
> +             u8 value;
> +     } out;
> +     union {
> +             u8 wakeup;
> +             u8 value;
> +     } in;
> +} __packed __aligned(8);
> +
> +struct gpio_rpmsg_pin {
> +     u8 irq_shutdown;
> +     u8 irq_unmask;
> +     u8 irq_mask;
> +     u32 irq_wake_enable;
> +     u32 irq_type;
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet msg;
> +};
> +
> +struct gpio_rpmsg_info {
> +     struct rpmsg_device *rpdev;
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *notify_msg;
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *reply_msg;
> +     struct completion cmd_complete;
> +     struct mutex lock;
> +     void **port_store;
> +};
> +
> +struct rpmsg_gpio_port {
> +     struct gpio_chip gc;
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_pin gpio_pins[GPIOS_PER_PORT];
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_info info;
> +     int idx;
> +};
> +
> +static int gpio_send_message(struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port,
> +                          struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg,
> +                          bool sync)
> +{
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_info *info = &port->info;
> +     int err;
> +
> +     if (!info->rpdev) {
> +             pr_err("rpmsg channel doesn't exist, is remote core ready?\n");

How is this possible? You're creating and destroying the platform_device
based on the presence of the rpmsg channel/endpoint, in what case would
you end up here without a valid rpdev?

And if this is to deal with the race during removal, I guess the error
message is wrong and rpdev might go away before you access it below?

> +             return -EINVAL;
> +     }
> +
> +     reinit_completion(&info->cmd_complete);
> +     err = rpmsg_send(info->rpdev->ept, (void *)msg,
> +                      sizeof(struct gpio_rpmsg_packet));
> +     if (err) {
> +             dev_err(&info->rpdev->dev, "rpmsg_send failed: %d\n", err);
> +             return err;
> +     }
> +
> +     if (sync) {
> +             err = wait_for_completion_timeout(&info->cmd_complete,
> +                                               
> msecs_to_jiffies(RPMSG_TIMEOUT));
> +             if (!err) {
> +                     dev_err(&info->rpdev->dev, "rpmsg_send timeout!\n");
> +                     return -ETIMEDOUT;
> +             }
> +
> +             if (info->reply_msg->out.retcode != 0) {
> +                     dev_err(&info->rpdev->dev, "remote core replies an 
> error: %d!\n",
> +                             info->reply_msg->out.retcode);
> +                     return -EINVAL;
> +             }
> +
> +             /* copy the reply message */
> +             memcpy(&port->gpio_pins[info->reply_msg->pin_idx].msg,
> +                    info->reply_msg, sizeof(*info->reply_msg));
> +     }
> +
> +     return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *gpio_setup_msg_header(struct 
> rpmsg_gpio_port *port,
> +                                                    unsigned int offset,
> +                                                    u8 cmd)
> +{
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = &port->gpio_pins[offset].msg;
> +
> +     memset(msg, 0, sizeof(struct gpio_rpmsg_packet));
> +     msg->header.id = RPMSG_GPIO_ID;
> +     msg->header.vendor = RPMSG_VENDOR;
> +     msg->header.version = RPMSG_VERSION;
> +     msg->header.type = GPIO_RPMSG_SETUP;
> +     msg->header.cmd = cmd;
> +     msg->pin_idx = offset;
> +     msg->port_idx = port->idx;
> +
> +     return msg;
> +};
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_get(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = NULL;

There's no reason to initialize msg here, the first reference is an
assignment.

> +     int ret;
> +
> +     guard(mutex)(&port->info.lock);
> +
> +     msg = gpio_setup_msg_header(port, gpio, GPIO_RPMSG_INPUT_GET);
> +
> +     ret = gpio_send_message(port, msg, true);
> +     if (!ret)
> +             ret = !!port->gpio_pins[gpio].msg.in.value;
> +
> +     return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = NULL;
> +     int ret;
> +
> +     guard(mutex)(&port->info.lock);
> +
> +     msg = gpio_setup_msg_header(port, gpio, GPIO_RPMSG_DIRECTION_GET);
> +
> +     ret = gpio_send_message(port, msg, true);
> +     if (!ret)
> +             ret = !!port->gpio_pins[gpio].msg.in.value;
> +
> +     return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_direction_input(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int 
> gpio)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = NULL;
> +
> +     guard(mutex)(&port->info.lock);
> +
> +     msg = gpio_setup_msg_header(port, gpio, GPIO_RPMSG_INPUT_INIT);
> +
> +     return gpio_send_message(port, msg, true);
> +}
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_set(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned int gpio, int val)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = NULL;
> +
> +     guard(mutex)(&port->info.lock);
> +
> +     msg = gpio_setup_msg_header(port, gpio, GPIO_RPMSG_OUTPUT_INIT);
> +     msg->out.value = val;
> +
> +     return gpio_send_message(port, msg, true);
> +}
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_direction_output(struct gpio_chip *gc,
> +                                    unsigned int gpio,
> +                                    int val)
> +{
> +
> +     return rpmsg_gpio_set(gc, gpio, val);
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_rpmsg_irq_set_type(struct irq_data *d, u32 type)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +     int edge = 0;
> +     int ret = 0;
> +
> +     switch (type) {
> +     case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING:
> +             edge = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_RISING;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_simple_irq);
> +             break;
> +     case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_FALLING:
> +             edge = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_FALLING;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_simple_irq);
> +             break;
> +     case IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_BOTH:
> +             edge = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_BOTH_EDGE;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_simple_irq);
> +             break;
> +     case IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW:
> +             edge = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_LOW_LEVEL;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_level_irq);
> +             break;
> +     case IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH:
> +             edge = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_HIGH_LEVEL;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_level_irq);
> +             break;
> +     default:
> +             ret = -EINVAL;
> +             irq_set_handler_locked(d, handle_bad_irq);
> +             break;
> +     }
> +
> +     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_type = edge;
> +
> +     return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static int gpio_rpmsg_irq_set_wake(struct irq_data *d, u32 enable)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +
> +     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_wake_enable = enable;
> +
> +     return 0;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * This function will be called at:
> + *  - one interrupt setup.
> + *  - the end of one interrupt happened
> + * The gpio over rpmsg driver will not write the real register, so save
> + * all infos before this function and then send all infos to M core in this
> + * step.
> + */
> +static void gpio_rpmsg_unmask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +
> +     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_unmask = 1;
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_rpmsg_mask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +     /*
> +      * No need to implement the callback at A core side.
> +      * M core will mask interrupt after a interrupt occurred, and then
> +      * sends a notify to A core.
> +      * After A core dealt with the notify, A core will send a rpmsg to
> +      * M core to unmask this interrupt again.

There's nothing in this scheme that dictates that we have A cores and M
cores, or that we have a single core system on both sides, or that they
are Arm cores, please describe things in terms of Linux system and
"remote system".

> +      */
> +     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_mask = 1;
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_rpmsg_irq_shutdown(struct irq_data *d)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +
> +     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_shutdown = 1;
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_rpmsg_irq_bus_lock(struct irq_data *d)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +
> +     mutex_lock(&port->info.lock);
> +}
> +
> +static void gpio_rpmsg_irq_bus_sync_unlock(struct irq_data *d)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = NULL;
> +     u32 gpio_idx = d->hwirq;
> +
> +     if (!port)
> +             return;
> +
> +     /*
> +      * For mask irq, do nothing here.
> +      * M core will mask interrupt after a interrupt occurred, and then
> +      * sends a notify to A core.
> +      * After A core dealt with the notify, A core will send a rpmsg to
> +      * M core to unmask this interrupt again.
> +      */
> +
> +     if (port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_mask && 
> !port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_unmask) {
> +             port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_mask = 0;
> +             mutex_unlock(&port->info.lock);
> +             return;
> +     }
> +
> +     msg = gpio_setup_msg_header(port, gpio_idx, GPIO_RPMSG_INPUT_INIT);
> +
> +     if (port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_shutdown) {
> +             msg->out.event = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_IGNORE;
> +             msg->in.wakeup = 0;
> +             port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_shutdown = 0;
> +     } else {
> +              /* if not set irq type, then use low level as trigger type */
> +             msg->out.event = port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_type;
> +             if (!msg->out.event)
> +                     msg->out.event = GPIO_RPMSG_TRI_LOW_LEVEL;
> +             if (port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_unmask) {
> +                     msg->in.wakeup = 0;
> +                     port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_unmask = 0;
> +             } else /* irq set wake */
> +                     msg->in.wakeup = 
> port->gpio_pins[gpio_idx].irq_wake_enable;
> +     }
> +
> +     gpio_send_message(port, msg, false);
> +     mutex_unlock(&port->info.lock);
> +}
> +
> +static const struct irq_chip gpio_rpmsg_irq_chip = {
> +     .irq_mask = gpio_rpmsg_mask_irq,
> +     .irq_unmask = gpio_rpmsg_unmask_irq,
> +     .irq_set_wake = gpio_rpmsg_irq_set_wake,
> +     .irq_set_type = gpio_rpmsg_irq_set_type,
> +     .irq_shutdown = gpio_rpmsg_irq_shutdown,
> +     .irq_bus_lock = gpio_rpmsg_irq_bus_lock,
> +     .irq_bus_sync_unlock = gpio_rpmsg_irq_bus_sync_unlock,
> +     .flags = IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
> +};
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_callback(struct rpmsg_device *rpdev,
> +                            void *data, int len, void *priv, u32 src)
> +{
> +     struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *msg = (struct gpio_rpmsg_packet *)data;
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = NULL;
> +     struct rpdev_platform_info *drvdata;
> +
> +     drvdata = dev_get_drvdata(&rpdev->dev);
> +     if (msg)
> +             port = drvdata->channel_devices[msg->port_idx];
> +
> +     if (!port)
> +             return -ENODEV;
> +
> +     if (msg->header.type == GPIO_RPMSG_REPLY) {
> +             port->info.reply_msg = msg;

As soon as you return from this function, the msg buffer is put back
into the virtqueue, so you can't just stash a reference to it here and
hope that it's still available when gpio_send_message() tries to read
it.

> +             complete(&port->info.cmd_complete);
> +     } else if (msg->header.type == GPIO_RPMSG_NOTIFY) {
> +             port->info.notify_msg = msg;

Ditto.

Although notify_msg is assigned, but I never see any further access to
it.

> +             generic_handle_domain_irq_safe(port->gc.irq.domain, 
> msg->pin_idx);
> +     } else
> +             dev_err(&rpdev->dev, "wrong command type!\n");
> +
> +     return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static void rpmsg_gpio_remove_action(void *data)
> +{
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port = data;
> +
> +     port->info.port_store[port->idx] = NULL;
> +}
> +
> +static int rpmsg_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
> +{
> +     struct rpdev_platform_info *pltdata = pdev->dev.platform_data;
> +     struct rpmsg_gpio_port *port;
> +     struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
> +     struct gpio_chip *gc;
> +     int ret;
> +
> +     if (!pltdata)
> +             return -EPROBE_DEFER;

EPROBE_DEFER would imply that if we try again a bit later, platform_data
is suddenly non-NULL, that seems unlikely.

> +
> +     port = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*port), GFP_KERNEL);
> +     if (!port)
> +             return -ENOMEM;
> +
> +     ret = device_property_read_u32(&pdev->dev, "reg", &port->idx);
> +     if (ret)
> +             return ret;
> +
> +     if (port->idx > MAX_DEV_PER_CHANNEL)
> +             return -EINVAL;
> +
> +     ret = devm_mutex_init(&pdev->dev, &port->info.lock);
> +     if (ret)
> +             return ret;
> +
> +     init_completion(&port->info.cmd_complete);
> +     port->info.rpdev = pltdata->rpdev;
> +     port->info.port_store = pltdata->channel_devices;
> +     port->info.port_store[port->idx] = port;
> +     if (!pltdata->rx_callback)
> +             pltdata->rx_callback = rpmsg_gpio_callback;

What happens if you rmmod your rpmsg gpio driver and then trigger an
interrupt?

> +
> +     gc = &port->gc;
> +     gc->owner = THIS_MODULE;
> +     gc->parent = &pdev->dev;
> +     gc->label = devm_kasprintf(&pdev->dev, GFP_KERNEL, "%s-gpio%d",
> +                                pltdata->rproc_name, port->idx);
> +     gc->ngpio = GPIOS_PER_PORT;
> +     gc->base = -1;
> +
> +     gc->direction_input = rpmsg_gpio_direction_input;
> +     gc->direction_output = rpmsg_gpio_direction_output;
> +     gc->get_direction = rpmsg_gpio_get_direction;
> +     gc->get = rpmsg_gpio_get;
> +     gc->set = rpmsg_gpio_set;
> +
> +     platform_set_drvdata(pdev, port);
> +     girq = &gc->irq;
> +     gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &gpio_rpmsg_irq_chip);
> +     girq->parent_handler = NULL;
> +     girq->num_parents = 0;
> +     girq->parents = NULL;
> +     girq->chip->name = devm_kasprintf(&pdev->dev, GFP_KERNEL, "%s-gpio%d",
> +                                       pltdata->rproc_name, port->idx);
> +
> +     ret = devm_add_action_or_reset(&pdev->dev, rpmsg_gpio_remove_action, 
> port);
> +     if (ret)
> +             return ret;
> +
> +     return devm_gpiochip_add_data(&pdev->dev, gc, port);
> +}
> +
> +static const struct of_device_id rpmsg_gpio_dt_ids[] = {
> +     { .compatible = "rpmsg-gpio" },
> +     { /* sentinel */ }
> +};
> +
> +static struct platform_driver rpmsg_gpio_driver = {

It's an "rpmsg gpio driver", but it's a platform_driver...

I don't think this is the correct design, but if it is then this needs
to be well documented.

Same thing as platform_data forms a strong ABI between some other driver
and this platform_driver, this needs to be well documented (but should
be avoided).

Regards,
Bjorn

> +     .driver = {
> +             .name = "gpio-rpmsg",
> +             .of_match_table = rpmsg_gpio_dt_ids,
> +     },
> +     .probe = rpmsg_gpio_probe,
> +};
> +
> +module_platform_driver(rpmsg_gpio_driver);
> +
> +MODULE_AUTHOR("Shenwei Wang <[email protected]>");
> +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("generic rpmsg gpio driver");
> +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
> -- 
> 2.43.0
> 

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