On Mon, Jun 20, 2016 at 08:55:03AM +0000, Naoya Horiguchi wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 17, 2016 at 11:40:41AM +0300, Kirill A. Shutemov wrote:
> > On Fri, Jun 17, 2016 at 11:30:03AM +0900, Naoya Horiguchi wrote:
> > > I found a race condition triggering VM_BUG_ON() in freeze_page(), when
> > > running
> > > a testcase with 3 processes:
> > > - process 1: keep writing thp,
> > > - process 2: keep clearing soft-dirty bits from virtual address of
> > > process 1
> > > - process 3: call migratepages for process 1,
> > >
> > > The kernel message is like this:
> > >
> > > kernel BUG at /src/linux-dev/mm/huge_memory.c:3096!
> > > invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
> > > Modules linked in: cfg80211 rfkill crc32c_intel ppdev serio_raw pcspkr
> > > virtio_balloon virtio_console parport_pc parport pvpanic acpi_cpufreq
> > > tpm_tis tpm i2c_piix4 virtio_blk virtio_net ata_generic pata_acpi floppy
> > > virtio_pci virtio_ring virtio
> > > CPU: 0 PID: 28863 Comm: migratepages Not tainted
> > > 4.6.0-v4.6-160602-0827-+ #2
> > > Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
> > > task: ffff880037320000 ti: ffff88007cdd0000 task.ti: ffff88007cdd0000
> > > RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff811f8e06>] [<ffffffff811f8e06>]
> > > split_huge_page_to_list+0x496/0x590
> > > RSP: 0018:ffff88007cdd3b70 EFLAGS: 00010202
> > > RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffff88007c7b88c0 RCX: 0000000000000000
> > > RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000700000200 RDI: ffffea0003188000
> > > RBP: ffff88007cdd3bb8 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 00003ffffffff000
> > > R10: ffff880000000000 R11: ffffc000001fffff R12: ffffea0003188000
> > > R13: ffffea0003188000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0400000000000080
> > > FS: 00007f8ec241d740(0000) GS:ffff88007dc00000(0000)
> > > knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0:
> > > 0000000080050033
> > > CR2: 00007f8ec1f3ed20 CR3: 000000003707b000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
> > > Stack:
> > > ffffffff8139ef6d ffffea00031c6280 ffff88011ffec000 0000000000000000
> > > 0000700000400000 0000700000200000 ffff88007cdd3d08 ffff8800dbbe3008
> > > 0400000000000080 ffff88007cdd3c20 ffffffff811dd0b1 ffff88007cdd3d68
> > > Call Trace:
> > > [<ffffffff8139ef6d>] ? list_del+0xd/0x30
> > > [<ffffffff811dd0b1>] queue_pages_pte_range+0x4d1/0x590
> > > [<ffffffff811ca1a4>] __walk_page_range+0x204/0x4e0
> > > [<ffffffff811ca4f1>] walk_page_range+0x71/0xf0
> > > [<ffffffff811db935>] queue_pages_range+0x75/0x90
> > > [<ffffffff811dcbe0>] ? queue_pages_hugetlb+0x190/0x190
> > > [<ffffffff811dca50>] ? new_node_page+0xc0/0xc0
> > > [<ffffffff811ddac0>] ? change_prot_numa+0x40/0x40
> > > [<ffffffff811dc001>] migrate_to_node+0x71/0xd0
> > > [<ffffffff811ddd73>] do_migrate_pages+0x1c3/0x210
> > > [<ffffffff811de0b1>] SyS_migrate_pages+0x261/0x290
> > > [<ffffffff816f53f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa4
> > > Code: e8 b0 87 fb ff 0f 0b 48 c7 c6 30 32 9f 81 e8 a2 87 fb ff 0f 0b 48
> > > c7 c6 b8 46 9f 81 e8 94 87 fb ff 0f 0b 85 c0 0f 84 3e fd ff ff <0f> 0b 85
> > > c0 0f 85 a6 00 00 00 48 8b 75 c0 4c 89 f7 41 be f0 ff
> > > RIP [<ffffffff811f8e06>] split_huge_page_to_list+0x496/0x590
> > > RSP <ffff88007cdd3b70>
> > >
> > > I'm not sure of the full scenario of the reproduction, but my debug
> > > showed that
> > > split_huge_pmd_address(freeze=true) returned without running main code of
> > > pmd
> > > splitting because pmd_present(*pmd) was 0. If this happens, the subsequent
> > > try_to_unmap() fails and returns non-zero (because page_mapcount() still
> > > > 0),
> > > and finally VM_BUG_ON() fires.
> > >
> > > This patch fixes it by adding a separate split_huge_pmd_address()'s
> > > variant
> > > for freeze=true and checking pmd's state within ptl for that case.
> >
> > Checking pmd under ptl is right thing to do, but I want to understand the
> > scenario first.
> >
> > Do you have code to trigger this?
>
> Here's the testcode (maybe takes 5-10 min to trigger.)
>
> background_migratepages() {
> local pid=$1
>
> while kill -0 $pid 2> /dev/null ; do
> migratepages $pid 0 1
> migratepages $pid 1 0
> done
> }
>
> background_clear_refs() {
> local pid=$1
>
> while kill -0 $pid 2> /dev/null ; do
> echo 4 > /proc/$pid/clear_refs 2> /dev/null
> done
> }
>
> while true ; do
> $(dirname $BASH_SOURCE)/thp_alloc &
> PID=$!
> sleep 0.$RANDOM
> background_migratepages $PID > /dev/null &
> background_clear_refs $PID > /dev/null &
> sleep 0.$RANDOM
> kill -9 $PID
> done
>
>
> # thp_alloc.c
>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <sys/mman.h>
> #include <string.h>
>
> int main(int argc, char **argv) {
> size_t size = 2*1024*1024*10;
> char *p = mmap((void *)0x700000000000UL, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
> MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
> madvise(p, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
> while (1)
> memset(p, 0, size);
> }
I failed to trigger it myself so far, but I can see where race is comming
from.
> > > I think that this change seems to fit the comment in
> > > split_huge_pmd_address()
> > > that says "Caller holds the mmap_sem write mode, so a huge pmd cannot
> > > materialize from under us." We don't hold mmap_sem write if called from
> > > split_huge_page(), so maybe there were some different assumptions between
> > > callers (split_huge_page() and vma_adjust_trans_huge().)
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <[email protected]>
> > > ---
> > > include/linux/huge_mm.h | 8 ++++----
> > > mm/huge_memory.c | 50
> > > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
> > > mm/rmap.c | 3 +--
> > > 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git v4.6/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> > > v4.6_patched/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> > > index d7b9e53..6fa4348 100644
> > > --- v4.6/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> > > +++ v4.6_patched/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> > > @@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > pmd_t *pmd,
> > > } while (0)
> > >
> > >
> > > -void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long
> > > address,
> > > - bool freeze, struct page *page);
> > > +void split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > + unsigned long address, struct page *page);
> > >
> > > extern int hugepage_madvise(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > unsigned long *vm_flags, int advice);
> > > @@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ static inline void deferred_split_huge_page(struct
> > > page *page) {}
> > > #define split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address) \
> > > do { } while (0)
> > >
> > > -static inline void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > - unsigned long address, bool freeze, struct page *page) {}
> > > +static inline void split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(struct vm_area_struct
> > > *vma,
> > > + unsigned long address, struct page *page) {}
> > >
> > > static inline int hugepage_madvise(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > unsigned long *vm_flags, int advice)
> > > diff --git v4.6/mm/huge_memory.c v4.6_patched/mm/huge_memory.c
> > > index b49ee12..c48f22c 100644
> > > --- v4.6/mm/huge_memory.c
> > > +++ v4.6_patched/mm/huge_memory.c
> > > @@ -2989,6 +2989,16 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > pmd_t *pmd,
> > >
> > > mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
> > > ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
> > > + if (freeze) {
> > > + /*
> > > + * If caller asks to setup a migration entries, we need a page
> > > + * to check pmd against. Otherwise we can end up replacing
> > > + * wrong page.
> > > + */
> > > + VM_BUG_ON(freeze && !pmd_page(*pmd));
> > > + if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
> >
> > This looks strange. I guess you need to propagate page from caller to
> > check pmd_page() against it.
> >
> > And I'm not sure about !pmd_present() check. Do you say that without the
> > check pmd_trans_huge() below will be taken? I'm confused.
>
> Thanks, checking page == pmd_page() seems enough here.
>
> > > + goto out;
> > > + }
> > > if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
> > > struct page *page = pmd_page(*pmd);
> > > if (PageMlocked(page))
> > > @@ -3001,8 +3011,8 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > pmd_t *pmd,
> > > mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
> > > }
> > >
> > > -void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long
> > > address,
> > > - bool freeze, struct page *page)
> > > +static void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> > > + unsigned long address, struct page *page)
> > > {
> > > pgd_t *pgd;
> > > pud_t *pud;
> > > @@ -3019,12 +3029,6 @@ void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct
> > > *vma, unsigned long address,
> > > pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
> > > if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || (!pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) && !pmd_devmap(*pmd)))
> > > return;
> > > -
> > > - /*
> > > - * If caller asks to setup a migration entries, we need a page to check
> > > - * pmd against. Otherwise we can end up replacing wrong page.
> > > - */
> > > - VM_BUG_ON(freeze && !page);
> > > if (page && page != pmd_page(*pmd))
> > > return;
> >
> > This check was introduced only for try_to_unmap_one(). Could you check if
> > moving it under ptl in __split_huge_pmd() would help?
>
> yes, this should work.
>
> Attached the updated patch. I'll continue digging more and hopefully update it
> if something helpful is found.
>
> Thanks,
> Naoya Horiguchi
> ---
> From: Naoya Horiguchi <[email protected]>
> Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2016 17:38:26 +0900
> Subject: [PATCH v2] mm: thp: move pmd check inside ptl for freeze_page()
>
> I found a race condition triggering VM_BUG_ON() in freeze_page(), when running
> a testcase with 3 processes:
> - process 1: keep writing thp,
> - process 2: keep clearing soft-dirty bits from virtual address of process 1
> - process 3: call migratepages for process 1,
>
> The kernel message is like this:
>
> kernel BUG at /src/linux-dev/mm/huge_memory.c:3096!
> invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
> Modules linked in: cfg80211 rfkill crc32c_intel ppdev serio_raw pcspkr
> virtio_balloon virtio_console parport_pc parport pvpanic acpi_cpufreq tpm_tis
> tpm i2c_piix4 virtio_blk virtio_net ata_generic pata_acpi floppy virtio_pci
> virtio_ring virtio
> CPU: 0 PID: 28863 Comm: migratepages Not tainted 4.6.0-v4.6-160602-0827-+ #2
> Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
> task: ffff880037320000 ti: ffff88007cdd0000 task.ti: ffff88007cdd0000
> RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff811f8e06>] [<ffffffff811f8e06>]
> split_huge_page_to_list+0x496/0x590
> RSP: 0018:ffff88007cdd3b70 EFLAGS: 00010202
> RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffff88007c7b88c0 RCX: 0000000000000000
> RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000700000200 RDI: ffffea0003188000
> RBP: ffff88007cdd3bb8 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 00003ffffffff000
> R10: ffff880000000000 R11: ffffc000001fffff R12: ffffea0003188000
> R13: ffffea0003188000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0400000000000080
> FS: 00007f8ec241d740(0000) GS:ffff88007dc00000(0000)
> knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0:
> 0000000080050033
> CR2: 00007f8ec1f3ed20 CR3: 000000003707b000 CR4: 00000000000006f0
> Stack:
> ffffffff8139ef6d ffffea00031c6280 ffff88011ffec000 0000000000000000
> 0000700000400000 0000700000200000 ffff88007cdd3d08 ffff8800dbbe3008
> 0400000000000080 ffff88007cdd3c20 ffffffff811dd0b1 ffff88007cdd3d68
> Call Trace:
> [<ffffffff8139ef6d>] ? list_del+0xd/0x30
> [<ffffffff811dd0b1>] queue_pages_pte_range+0x4d1/0x590
> [<ffffffff811ca1a4>] __walk_page_range+0x204/0x4e0
> [<ffffffff811ca4f1>] walk_page_range+0x71/0xf0
> [<ffffffff811db935>] queue_pages_range+0x75/0x90
> [<ffffffff811dcbe0>] ? queue_pages_hugetlb+0x190/0x190
> [<ffffffff811dca50>] ? new_node_page+0xc0/0xc0
> [<ffffffff811ddac0>] ? change_prot_numa+0x40/0x40
> [<ffffffff811dc001>] migrate_to_node+0x71/0xd0
> [<ffffffff811ddd73>] do_migrate_pages+0x1c3/0x210
> [<ffffffff811de0b1>] SyS_migrate_pages+0x261/0x290
> [<ffffffff816f53f2>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1a/0xa4
> Code: e8 b0 87 fb ff 0f 0b 48 c7 c6 30 32 9f 81 e8 a2 87 fb ff 0f 0b 48 c7
> c6 b8 46 9f 81 e8 94 87 fb ff 0f 0b 85 c0 0f 84 3e fd ff ff <0f> 0b 85 c0 0f
> 85 a6 00 00 00 48 8b 75 c0 4c 89 f7 41 be f0 ff
> RIP [<ffffffff811f8e06>] split_huge_page_to_list+0x496/0x590
> RSP <ffff88007cdd3b70>
>
> I'm not sure of the full scenario of the reproduction, but my debug showed
> that
> split_huge_pmd_address(freeze=true) returned without running main code of pmd
> splitting because pmd_present(*pmd) was 0. If this happens, the subsequent
> try_to_unmap() fails and returns non-zero (because page_mapcount() still > 0),
> and finally VM_BUG_ON() fires.
>
> This patch fixes it by adding a separate split_huge_pmd_address()'s variant
> for freeze=true and checking pmd's state within ptl for that case.
>
> I think that this change seems to fit the comment in split_huge_pmd_address()
> that says "Caller holds the mmap_sem write mode, so a huge pmd cannot
> materialize from under us." We don't hold mmap_sem write if called from
> split_huge_page(), so maybe there were some different assumptions between
> callers (split_huge_page() and vma_adjust_trans_huge().)
>
> Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <[email protected]>
> ---
> Diff from v1:
> - passed page to __split_huge_pmd()
> - dropped unnecessary !pmd_present check
> - removed pmd_none check in split_huge_pmd_address_freeze because it's
> effectively done in __split_huge_pmd() with ptl.
> ---
> include/linux/huge_mm.h | 12 ++++++------
> mm/huge_memory.c | 52
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
> mm/rmap.c | 3 +--
> 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> index d7b9e5346fba..3c6bab32a35c 100644
> --- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> +++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
> @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ static inline int split_huge_page(struct page *page)
> void deferred_split_huge_page(struct page *page);
>
> void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
> - unsigned long address, bool freeze);
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page, bool freeze);
>
> #define split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address)
> \
> do { \
> @@ -104,12 +104,12 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t
> *pmd,
> if (pmd_trans_huge(*____pmd) \
> || pmd_devmap(*____pmd)) \
> __split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address, \
> - false); \
> + NULL, false); \
> } while (0)
>
>
> -void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long
> address,
> - bool freeze, struct page *page);
> +void split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page);
>
> extern int hugepage_madvise(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> unsigned long *vm_flags, int advice);
> @@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ static inline void deferred_split_huge_page(struct page
> *page) {}
> #define split_huge_pmd(__vma, __pmd, __address) \
> do { } while (0)
>
> -static inline void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> - unsigned long address, bool freeze, struct page *page) {}
> +static inline void split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page) {}
>
> static inline int hugepage_madvise(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> unsigned long *vm_flags, int advice)
> diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
> index b49ee126d4d1..5b43f735506a 100644
> --- a/mm/huge_memory.c
> +++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
> @@ -2981,7 +2981,7 @@ static void __split_huge_pmd_locked(struct
> vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
> }
>
> void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
> - unsigned long address, bool freeze)
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page, bool freeze)
> {
> spinlock_t *ptl;
> struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
> @@ -2989,6 +2989,16 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> pmd_t *pmd,
>
> mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
> ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
> + if (freeze) {
> + /*
> + * If caller asks to setup a migration entries, we need a page
> + * to check pmd against. Otherwise we can end up replacing
> + * wrong page.
> + */
> + VM_BUG_ON(!page);
> + if (page != pmd_page(*pmd))
> + goto out;
> + }
> if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
> struct page *page = pmd_page(*pmd);
> if (PageMlocked(page))
> @@ -3001,8 +3011,8 @@ void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t
> *pmd,
> mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, haddr, haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
> }
>
> -void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long
> address,
> - bool freeze, struct page *page)
> +static void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page)
> {
> pgd_t *pgd;
> pud_t *pud;
> @@ -3019,20 +3029,30 @@ void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct
> *vma, unsigned long address,
> pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
> if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || (!pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) && !pmd_devmap(*pmd)))
> return;
> -
> - /*
> - * If caller asks to setup a migration entries, we need a page to check
> - * pmd against. Otherwise we can end up replacing wrong page.
> - */
> - VM_BUG_ON(freeze && !page);
> - if (page && page != pmd_page(*pmd))
> - return;
> -
> /*
> * Caller holds the mmap_sem write mode, so a huge pmd cannot
> * materialize from under us.
> */
> - __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address, freeze);
> + __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address, page, false);
> +}
> +
> +void split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> + unsigned long address, struct page *page)
> +{
> + pgd_t *pgd;
> + pud_t *pud;
> + pmd_t *pmd;
> +
> + pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, address);
> + if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
> + return;
> +
> + pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
> + if (!pud_present(*pud))
> + return;
> +
> + pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
> + __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address, page, true);
> }
I don't see a reason to introduce new function. Just move the page
check under ptl from split_huge_pmd_address() and that should be enough.
Or am I missing something?
>
> void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> @@ -3048,7 +3068,7 @@ void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> if (start & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK &&
> (start & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >= vma->vm_start &&
> (start & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE <= vma->vm_end)
> - split_huge_pmd_address(vma, start, false, NULL);
> + split_huge_pmd_address(vma, start, NULL);
>
> /*
> * If the new end address isn't hpage aligned and it could
> @@ -3058,7 +3078,7 @@ void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> if (end & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK &&
> (end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >= vma->vm_start &&
> (end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE <= vma->vm_end)
> - split_huge_pmd_address(vma, end, false, NULL);
> + split_huge_pmd_address(vma, end, NULL);
>
> /*
> * If we're also updating the vma->vm_next->vm_start, if the new
> @@ -3072,7 +3092,7 @@ void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
> if (nstart & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK &&
> (nstart & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >= next->vm_start &&
> (nstart & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE <= next->vm_end)
> - split_huge_pmd_address(next, nstart, false, NULL);
> + split_huge_pmd_address(next, nstart, NULL);
> }
> }
>
> diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c
> index 307b555024ef..4282b56b8e9f 100644
> --- a/mm/rmap.c
> +++ b/mm/rmap.c
> @@ -1418,8 +1418,7 @@ static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page *page, struct
> vm_area_struct *vma,
> goto out;
>
> if (flags & TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD) {
> - split_huge_pmd_address(vma, address,
> - flags & TTU_MIGRATION, page);
> + split_huge_pmd_address_freeze(vma, address, page);
> /* check if we have anything to do after split */
> if (page_mapcount(page) == 0)
> goto out;
> --
> 2.5.5
>
--
Kirill A. Shutemov
