>From 118c64e86641a97d44dec39e313a95b12d9bc3b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-ker...@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Date: Wed, 25 Jul 2018 00:15:18 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v2] n_tty: Protect tty->disc_data using refcount.

syzbot is reporting NULL pointer dereference at n_tty_set_termios() [1].
This is because ioctl(TIOCVHANGUP) versus ioctl(TCSETS) can race.

Since we don't want to introduce new locking dependency, this patch
converts "struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;" in individual
function into a function argument which follows "struct tty *", and
holds tty->disc_data at each "struct tty_ldisc_ops" hook using refcount
in order to ensure that memory which contains "struct n_tty_data" will
not be released while processing individual function.

[1] 
https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=1e850009fca0b64ce49dc16499bda4f7de0ab1a5

Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-ker...@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
---
 drivers/tty/n_tty.c | 511 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 314 insertions(+), 197 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
index 4317422..0bb413b 100644
--- a/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
+++ b/drivers/tty/n_tty.c
@@ -122,6 +122,10 @@ struct n_tty_data {
 
        struct mutex atomic_read_lock;
        struct mutex output_lock;
+
+       /* Race protection. */
+       refcount_t users;
+       struct rcu_head rcu;
 };
 
 #define MASK(x) ((x) & (N_TTY_BUF_SIZE - 1))
@@ -152,10 +156,9 @@ static inline unsigned char *echo_buf_addr(struct 
n_tty_data *ldata, size_t i)
        return &ldata->echo_buf[i & (N_TTY_BUF_SIZE - 1)];
 }
 
-static int tty_copy_to_user(struct tty_struct *tty, void __user *to,
-                           size_t tail, size_t n)
+static int tty_copy_to_user(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                           void __user *to, size_t tail, size_t n)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        size_t size = N_TTY_BUF_SIZE - tail;
        const void *from = read_buf_addr(ldata, tail);
        int uncopied;
@@ -186,10 +189,8 @@ static int tty_copy_to_user(struct tty_struct *tty, void 
__user *to,
  *             holds non-exclusive termios_rwsem
  */
 
-static void n_tty_kick_worker(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void n_tty_kick_worker(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        /* Did the input worker stop? Restart it */
        if (unlikely(ldata->no_room)) {
                ldata->no_room = 0;
@@ -206,9 +207,8 @@ static void n_tty_kick_worker(struct tty_struct *tty)
        }
 }
 
-static ssize_t chars_in_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static ssize_t chars_in_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data 
*ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        ssize_t n = 0;
 
        if (!ldata->icanon)
@@ -233,10 +233,9 @@ static void n_tty_write_wakeup(struct tty_struct *tty)
        kill_fasync(&tty->fasync, SIGIO, POLL_OUT);
 }
 
-static void n_tty_check_throttle(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void n_tty_check_throttle(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        /*
         * Check the remaining room for the input canonicalization
         * mode.  We don't want to throttle the driver if we're in
@@ -257,12 +256,13 @@ static void n_tty_check_throttle(struct tty_struct *tty)
        __tty_set_flow_change(tty, 0);
 }
 
-static void n_tty_check_unthrottle(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void n_tty_check_unthrottle(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                  struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
        if (tty->driver->type == TTY_DRIVER_TYPE_PTY) {
-               if (chars_in_buffer(tty) > TTY_THRESHOLD_UNTHROTTLE)
+               if (chars_in_buffer(tty, ldata) > TTY_THRESHOLD_UNTHROTTLE)
                        return;
-               n_tty_kick_worker(tty);
+               n_tty_kick_worker(tty, ldata);
                tty_wakeup(tty->link);
                return;
        }
@@ -278,9 +278,9 @@ static void n_tty_check_unthrottle(struct tty_struct *tty)
        while (1) {
                int unthrottled;
                tty_set_flow_change(tty, TTY_UNTHROTTLE_SAFE);
-               if (chars_in_buffer(tty) > TTY_THRESHOLD_UNTHROTTLE)
+               if (chars_in_buffer(tty, ldata) > TTY_THRESHOLD_UNTHROTTLE)
                        break;
-               n_tty_kick_worker(tty);
+               n_tty_kick_worker(tty, ldata);
                unthrottled = tty_unthrottle_safe(tty);
                if (!unthrottled)
                        break;
@@ -353,11 +353,12 @@ static void n_tty_packet_mode_flush(struct tty_struct 
*tty)
  *     Locking: ctrl_lock, exclusive termios_rwsem
  */
 
-static void n_tty_flush_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void __n_tty_flush_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
        down_write(&tty->termios_rwsem);
-       reset_buffer_flags(tty->disc_data);
-       n_tty_kick_worker(tty);
+       reset_buffer_flags(ldata);
+       n_tty_kick_worker(tty, ldata);
 
        if (tty->link)
                n_tty_packet_mode_flush(tty);
@@ -413,9 +414,9 @@ static inline int is_continuation(unsigned char c, struct 
tty_struct *tty)
  *              the column state and space left in the buffer
  */
 
-static int do_output_char(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty, int space)
+static int do_output_char(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty,
+                         struct n_tty_data *ldata, int space)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int     spaces;
 
        if (!space)
@@ -488,15 +489,15 @@ static int do_output_char(unsigned char c, struct 
tty_struct *tty, int space)
  *               tty layer write lock)
  */
 
-static int process_output(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty)
+static int process_output(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty,
+                         struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int     space, retval;
 
        mutex_lock(&ldata->output_lock);
 
        space = tty_write_room(tty);
-       retval = do_output_char(c, tty, space);
+       retval = do_output_char(c, tty, ldata, space);
 
        mutex_unlock(&ldata->output_lock);
        if (retval < 0)
@@ -525,9 +526,9 @@ static int process_output(unsigned char c, struct 
tty_struct *tty)
  */
 
 static ssize_t process_output_block(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                   struct n_tty_data *ldata,
                                    const unsigned char *buf, unsigned int nr)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int     space;
        int     i;
        const unsigned char *cp;
@@ -608,9 +609,8 @@ static ssize_t process_output_block(struct tty_struct *tty,
  *     Locking: callers must hold output_lock
  */
 
-static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data 
*ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int     space, old_space;
        size_t tail;
        unsigned char c;
@@ -721,7 +721,8 @@ static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
                                break;
                } else {
                        if (O_OPOST(tty)) {
-                               int retval = do_output_char(c, tty, space);
+                               int retval = do_output_char(c, tty, ldata,
+                                                           space);
                                if (retval < 0)
                                        break;
                                space -= retval;
@@ -754,9 +755,8 @@ static size_t __process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
        return old_space - space;
 }
 
-static void commit_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void commit_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        size_t nr, old, echoed;
        size_t head;
 
@@ -776,16 +776,15 @@ static void commit_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
        }
 
        ldata->echo_commit = head;
-       echoed = __process_echoes(tty);
+       echoed = __process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        mutex_unlock(&ldata->output_lock);
 
        if (echoed && tty->ops->flush_chars)
                tty->ops->flush_chars(tty);
 }
 
-static void process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        size_t echoed;
 
        if (ldata->echo_mark == ldata->echo_tail)
@@ -793,7 +792,7 @@ static void process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
 
        mutex_lock(&ldata->output_lock);
        ldata->echo_commit = ldata->echo_mark;
-       echoed = __process_echoes(tty);
+       echoed = __process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        mutex_unlock(&ldata->output_lock);
 
        if (echoed && tty->ops->flush_chars)
@@ -801,17 +800,15 @@ static void process_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
 }
 
 /* NB: echo_mark and echo_head should be equivalent here */
-static void flush_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void flush_echoes(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if ((!L_ECHO(tty) && !L_ECHONL(tty)) ||
            ldata->echo_commit == ldata->echo_head)
                return;
 
        mutex_lock(&ldata->output_lock);
        ldata->echo_commit = ldata->echo_head;
-       __process_echoes(tty);
+       __process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        mutex_unlock(&ldata->output_lock);
 }
 
@@ -921,10 +918,9 @@ static void echo_char_raw(unsigned char c, struct 
n_tty_data *ldata)
  *     (where X is the letter representing the control char).
  */
 
-static void echo_char(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void echo_char(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty,
+                     struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (c == ECHO_OP_START) {
                add_echo_byte(ECHO_OP_START, ldata);
                add_echo_byte(ECHO_OP_START, ldata);
@@ -961,9 +957,9 @@ static inline void finish_erasing(struct n_tty_data *ldata)
  *             caller holds non-exclusive termios_rwsem
  */
 
-static void eraser(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void eraser(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty,
+                  struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        enum { ERASE, WERASE, KILL } kill_type;
        size_t head;
        size_t cnt;
@@ -985,7 +981,7 @@ static void eraser(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct *tty)
                if (!L_ECHOK(tty) || !L_ECHOKE(tty) || !L_ECHOE(tty)) {
                        ldata->read_head = ldata->canon_head;
                        finish_erasing(ldata);
-                       echo_char(KILL_CHAR(tty), tty);
+                       echo_char(KILL_CHAR(tty), tty, ldata);
                        /* Add a newline if ECHOK is on and ECHOKE is off. */
                        if (L_ECHOK(tty))
                                echo_char_raw('\n', ldata);
@@ -1025,14 +1021,14 @@ static void eraser(unsigned char c, struct tty_struct 
*tty)
                                        ldata->erasing = 1;
                                }
                                /* if cnt > 1, output a multi-byte character */
-                               echo_char(c, tty);
+                               echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
                                while (--cnt > 0) {
                                        head++;
                                        echo_char_raw(read_buf(ldata, head), 
ldata);
                                        echo_move_back_col(ldata);
                                }
                        } else if (kill_type == ERASE && !L_ECHOE(tty)) {
-                               echo_char(ERASE_CHAR(tty), tty);
+                               echo_char(ERASE_CHAR(tty), tty, ldata);
                        } else if (c == '\t') {
                                unsigned int num_chars = 0;
                                int after_tab = 0;
@@ -1103,10 +1099,8 @@ static void __isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty)
        }
 }
 
-static void isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (L_NOFLSH(tty)) {
                /* signal only */
                __isig(sig, tty);
@@ -1127,7 +1121,7 @@ static void isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty)
                tty_driver_flush_buffer(tty);
 
                /* clear input buffer */
-               reset_buffer_flags(tty->disc_data);
+               reset_buffer_flags(ldata);
 
                /* notify pty master of flush */
                if (tty->link)
@@ -1151,14 +1145,13 @@ static void isig(int sig, struct tty_struct *tty)
  *     Note: may get exclusive termios_rwsem if flushing input buffer
  */
 
-static void n_tty_receive_break(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void n_tty_receive_break(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                               struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (I_IGNBRK(tty))
                return;
        if (I_BRKINT(tty)) {
-               isig(SIGINT, tty);
+               isig(SIGINT, tty, ldata);
                return;
        }
        if (I_PARMRK(tty)) {
@@ -1181,10 +1174,9 @@ static void n_tty_receive_break(struct tty_struct *tty)
  *     private.
  */
 
-static void n_tty_receive_overrun(struct tty_struct *tty)
+static void n_tty_receive_overrun(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                 struct n_tty_data *ldata)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        ldata->num_overrun++;
        if (time_after(jiffies, ldata->overrun_time + HZ) ||
                        time_after(ldata->overrun_time, jiffies)) {
@@ -1205,10 +1197,10 @@ static void n_tty_receive_overrun(struct tty_struct 
*tty)
  *     n_tty_receive_buf()/producer path:
  *             caller holds non-exclusive termios_rwsem
  */
-static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                      struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                                      unsigned char c)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (I_INPCK(tty)) {
                if (I_IGNPAR(tty))
                        return;
@@ -1223,16 +1215,17 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_signal_char(struct tty_struct *tty, int signal, unsigned char c)
+n_tty_receive_signal_char(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                         int signal, unsigned char c)
 {
-       isig(signal, tty);
+       isig(signal, tty, ldata);
        if (I_IXON(tty))
                start_tty(tty);
        if (L_ECHO(tty)) {
-               echo_char(c, tty);
-               commit_echoes(tty);
+               echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
+               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
        } else
-               process_echoes(tty);
+               process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        return;
 }
 
@@ -1253,14 +1246,13 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
  */
 
 static int
-n_tty_receive_char_special(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+n_tty_receive_char_special(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                          unsigned char c)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (I_IXON(tty)) {
                if (c == START_CHAR(tty)) {
                        start_tty(tty);
-                       process_echoes(tty);
+                       process_echoes(tty, ldata);
                        return 0;
                }
                if (c == STOP_CHAR(tty)) {
@@ -1271,20 +1263,20 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
 
        if (L_ISIG(tty)) {
                if (c == INTR_CHAR(tty)) {
-                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, SIGINT, c);
+                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, ldata, SIGINT, c);
                        return 0;
                } else if (c == QUIT_CHAR(tty)) {
-                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, SIGQUIT, c);
+                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, ldata, SIGQUIT, c);
                        return 0;
                } else if (c == SUSP_CHAR(tty)) {
-                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, SIGTSTP, c);
+                       n_tty_receive_signal_char(tty, ldata, SIGTSTP, c);
                        return 0;
                }
        }
 
        if (tty->stopped && !tty->flow_stopped && I_IXON(tty) && I_IXANY(tty)) {
                start_tty(tty);
-               process_echoes(tty);
+               process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
 
        if (c == '\r') {
@@ -1298,8 +1290,8 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct 
*tty, unsigned char c)
        if (ldata->icanon) {
                if (c == ERASE_CHAR(tty) || c == KILL_CHAR(tty) ||
                    (c == WERASE_CHAR(tty) && L_IEXTEN(tty))) {
-                       eraser(c, tty);
-                       commit_echoes(tty);
+                       eraser(c, tty, ldata);
+                       commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
                        return 0;
                }
                if (c == LNEXT_CHAR(tty) && L_IEXTEN(tty)) {
@@ -1309,7 +1301,7 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct 
*tty, unsigned char c)
                                if (L_ECHOCTL(tty)) {
                                        echo_char_raw('^', ldata);
                                        echo_char_raw('\b', ldata);
-                                       commit_echoes(tty);
+                                       commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
                                }
                        }
                        return 1;
@@ -1318,19 +1310,19 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                        size_t tail = ldata->canon_head;
 
                        finish_erasing(ldata);
-                       echo_char(c, tty);
+                       echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
                        echo_char_raw('\n', ldata);
                        while (MASK(tail) != MASK(ldata->read_head)) {
-                               echo_char(read_buf(ldata, tail), tty);
+                               echo_char(read_buf(ldata, tail), tty, ldata);
                                tail++;
                        }
-                       commit_echoes(tty);
+                       commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
                        return 0;
                }
                if (c == '\n') {
                        if (L_ECHO(tty) || L_ECHONL(tty)) {
                                echo_char_raw('\n', ldata);
-                               commit_echoes(tty);
+                               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
                        }
                        goto handle_newline;
                }
@@ -1347,8 +1339,8 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct 
*tty, unsigned char c)
                                /* Record the column of first canon char. */
                                if (ldata->canon_head == ldata->read_head)
                                        echo_set_canon_col(ldata);
-                               echo_char(c, tty);
-                               commit_echoes(tty);
+                               echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
+                               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
                        }
                        /*
                         * XXX does PARMRK doubling happen for
@@ -1375,9 +1367,9 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct tty_struct 
*tty, unsigned char c)
                        /* Record the column of first canon char. */
                        if (ldata->canon_head == ldata->read_head)
                                echo_set_canon_col(ldata);
-                       echo_char(c, tty);
+                       echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
                }
-               commit_echoes(tty);
+               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
 
        /* PARMRK doubling check */
@@ -1389,21 +1381,20 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
 }
 
 static inline void
-n_tty_receive_char_inline(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+n_tty_receive_char_inline(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                         unsigned char c)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (tty->stopped && !tty->flow_stopped && I_IXON(tty) && I_IXANY(tty)) {
                start_tty(tty);
-               process_echoes(tty);
+               process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
        if (L_ECHO(tty)) {
                finish_erasing(ldata);
                /* Record the column of first canon char. */
                if (ldata->canon_head == ldata->read_head)
                        echo_set_canon_col(ldata);
-               echo_char(c, tty);
-               commit_echoes(tty);
+               echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
+               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
        /* PARMRK doubling check */
        if (c == (unsigned char) '\377' && I_PARMRK(tty))
@@ -1411,32 +1402,34 @@ static void n_tty_receive_parity_error(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
        put_tty_queue(c, ldata);
 }
 
-static void n_tty_receive_char(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+static void n_tty_receive_char(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data 
*ldata,
+                              unsigned char c)
 {
-       n_tty_receive_char_inline(tty, c);
+       n_tty_receive_char_inline(tty, ldata, c);
 }
 
 static inline void
-n_tty_receive_char_fast(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+n_tty_receive_char_fast(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                       unsigned char c)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (tty->stopped && !tty->flow_stopped && I_IXON(tty) && I_IXANY(tty)) {
                start_tty(tty);
-               process_echoes(tty);
+               process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
        if (L_ECHO(tty)) {
                finish_erasing(ldata);
                /* Record the column of first canon char. */
                if (ldata->canon_head == ldata->read_head)
                        echo_set_canon_col(ldata);
-               echo_char(c, tty);
-               commit_echoes(tty);
+               echo_char(c, tty, ldata);
+               commit_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
        put_tty_queue(c, ldata);
 }
 
-static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
+static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                      struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                                      unsigned char c)
 {
        if (I_ISTRIP(tty))
                c &= 0x7f;
@@ -1451,24 +1444,25 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                          c != INTR_CHAR(tty) && c != QUIT_CHAR(tty) &&
                          c != SUSP_CHAR(tty))) {
                        start_tty(tty);
-                       process_echoes(tty);
+                       process_echoes(tty, ldata);
                }
        }
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_char_flagged(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c, char flag)
+n_tty_receive_char_flagged(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                          unsigned char c, char flag)
 {
        switch (flag) {
        case TTY_BREAK:
-               n_tty_receive_break(tty);
+               n_tty_receive_break(tty, ldata);
                break;
        case TTY_PARITY:
        case TTY_FRAME:
-               n_tty_receive_parity_error(tty, c);
+               n_tty_receive_parity_error(tty, ldata, c);
                break;
        case TTY_OVERRUN:
-               n_tty_receive_overrun(tty);
+               n_tty_receive_overrun(tty, ldata);
                break;
        default:
                tty_err(tty, "unknown flag %d\n", flag);
@@ -1477,26 +1471,24 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_char_lnext(struct tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c, char flag)
+n_tty_receive_char_lnext(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                        unsigned char c, char flag)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        ldata->lnext = 0;
        if (likely(flag == TTY_NORMAL)) {
                if (I_ISTRIP(tty))
                        c &= 0x7f;
                if (I_IUCLC(tty) && L_IEXTEN(tty))
                        c = tolower(c);
-               n_tty_receive_char(tty, c);
+               n_tty_receive_char(tty, ldata, c);
        } else
-               n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, c, flag);
+               n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, ldata, c, flag);
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_buf_real_raw(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                          char *fp, int count)
+n_tty_receive_buf_real_raw(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                          const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        size_t n, head;
 
        head = ldata->read_head & (N_TTY_BUF_SIZE - 1);
@@ -1513,10 +1505,9 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct tty_struct 
*tty, unsigned char c)
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_buf_raw(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                     char *fp, int count)
+n_tty_receive_buf_raw(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                     const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        char flag = TTY_NORMAL;
 
        while (count--) {
@@ -1525,13 +1516,13 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                if (likely(flag == TTY_NORMAL))
                        put_tty_queue(*cp++, ldata);
                else
-                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, ldata, *cp++, flag);
        }
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_buf_closing(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                         char *fp, int count)
+n_tty_receive_buf_closing(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                         const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
        char flag = TTY_NORMAL;
 
@@ -1539,15 +1530,14 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                if (fp)
                        flag = *fp++;
                if (likely(flag == TTY_NORMAL))
-                       n_tty_receive_char_closing(tty, *cp++);
+                       n_tty_receive_char_closing(tty, ldata, *cp++);
        }
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_buf_standard(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                         char *fp, int count)
+n_tty_receive_buf_standard(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                          const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        char flag = TTY_NORMAL;
 
        while (count--) {
@@ -1565,23 +1555,24 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                                continue;
                        }
                        if (!test_bit(c, ldata->char_map))
-                               n_tty_receive_char_inline(tty, c);
-                       else if (n_tty_receive_char_special(tty, c) && count) {
+                               n_tty_receive_char_inline(tty, ldata, c);
+                       else if (n_tty_receive_char_special(tty, ldata, c) &&
+                                count) {
                                if (fp)
                                        flag = *fp++;
-                               n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                               n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, ldata, *cp++,
+                                                        flag);
                                count--;
                        }
                } else
-                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, ldata, *cp++, flag);
        }
 }
 
 static void
-n_tty_receive_buf_fast(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                      char *fp, int count)
+n_tty_receive_buf_fast(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                      const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        char flag = TTY_NORMAL;
 
        while (count--) {
@@ -1591,46 +1582,47 @@ static void n_tty_receive_char_closing(struct 
tty_struct *tty, unsigned char c)
                        unsigned char c = *cp++;
 
                        if (!test_bit(c, ldata->char_map))
-                               n_tty_receive_char_fast(tty, c);
-                       else if (n_tty_receive_char_special(tty, c) && count) {
+                               n_tty_receive_char_fast(tty, ldata, c);
+                       else if (n_tty_receive_char_special(tty, ldata, c) &&
+                                count) {
                                if (fp)
                                        flag = *fp++;
-                               n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                               n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, ldata, *cp++,
+                                                        flag);
                                count--;
                        }
                } else
-                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                       n_tty_receive_char_flagged(tty, ldata, *cp++, flag);
        }
 }
 
-static void __receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                         char *fp, int count)
+static void __receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                         const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        bool preops = I_ISTRIP(tty) || (I_IUCLC(tty) && L_IEXTEN(tty));
 
        if (ldata->real_raw)
-               n_tty_receive_buf_real_raw(tty, cp, fp, count);
+               n_tty_receive_buf_real_raw(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
        else if (ldata->raw || (L_EXTPROC(tty) && !preops))
-               n_tty_receive_buf_raw(tty, cp, fp, count);
+               n_tty_receive_buf_raw(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
        else if (tty->closing && !L_EXTPROC(tty))
-               n_tty_receive_buf_closing(tty, cp, fp, count);
+               n_tty_receive_buf_closing(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
        else {
                if (ldata->lnext) {
                        char flag = TTY_NORMAL;
 
                        if (fp)
                                flag = *fp++;
-                       n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, *cp++, flag);
+                       n_tty_receive_char_lnext(tty, ldata, *cp++, flag);
                        count--;
                }
 
                if (!preops && !I_PARMRK(tty))
-                       n_tty_receive_buf_fast(tty, cp, fp, count);
+                       n_tty_receive_buf_fast(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
                else
-                       n_tty_receive_buf_standard(tty, cp, fp, count);
+                       n_tty_receive_buf_standard(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
 
-               flush_echoes(tty);
+               flush_echoes(tty, ldata);
                if (tty->ops->flush_chars)
                        tty->ops->flush_chars(tty);
        }
@@ -1681,10 +1673,9 @@ static void __receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const 
unsigned char *cp,
  *             publishes commit_head or canon_head
  */
 static int
-n_tty_receive_buf_common(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                        char *fp, int count, int flow)
+n_tty_receive_buf_common(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                        const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count, int flow)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int room, n, rcvd = 0, overflow;
 
        down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
@@ -1724,7 +1715,7 @@ static void __receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const 
unsigned char *cp,
 
                /* ignore parity errors if handling overflow */
                if (!overflow || !fp || *fp != TTY_PARITY)
-                       __receive_buf(tty, cp, fp, n);
+                       __receive_buf(tty, ldata, cp, fp, n);
 
                cp += n;
                if (fp)
@@ -1743,23 +1734,25 @@ static void __receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const 
unsigned char *cp,
                        __tty_set_flow_change(tty, 0);
                }
        } else
-               n_tty_check_throttle(tty);
+               n_tty_check_throttle(tty, ldata);
 
        up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
 
        return rcvd;
 }
 
-static void n_tty_receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                             char *fp, int count)
+static void __n_tty_receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                               struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                               const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       n_tty_receive_buf_common(tty, cp, fp, count, 0);
+       n_tty_receive_buf_common(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count, 0);
 }
 
-static int n_tty_receive_buf2(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
-                             char *fp, int count)
+static int __n_tty_receive_buf2(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                               struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                               const unsigned char *cp, char *fp, int count)
 {
-       return n_tty_receive_buf_common(tty, cp, fp, count, 1);
+       return n_tty_receive_buf_common(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count, 1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1776,10 +1769,9 @@ static int n_tty_receive_buf2(struct tty_struct *tty, 
const unsigned char *cp,
  *     Locking: Caller holds tty->termios_rwsem
  */
 
-static void n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *old)
+static void __n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                               struct n_tty_data *ldata, struct ktermios *old)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
        if (!old || (old->c_lflag ^ tty->termios.c_lflag) & (ICANON | EXTPROC)) 
{
                bitmap_zero(ldata->read_flags, N_TTY_BUF_SIZE);
                ldata->line_start = ldata->read_tail;
@@ -1852,7 +1844,7 @@ static void n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct ktermios *old)
         */
        if (!I_IXON(tty) && old && (old->c_iflag & IXON) && !tty->flow_stopped) 
{
                start_tty(tty);
-               process_echoes(tty);
+               process_echoes(tty, ldata);
        }
 
        /* The termios change make the tty ready for I/O */
@@ -1869,16 +1861,20 @@ static void n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct ktermios *old)
  *     discipline change. The function will not be called while other
  *     ldisc methods are in progress.
  */
-
+static void put_n_tty(struct n_tty_data *ldata);
 static void n_tty_close(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = xchg(&tty->disc_data, NULL);
 
        if (tty->link)
                n_tty_packet_mode_flush(tty);
 
-       vfree(ldata);
-       tty->disc_data = NULL;
+       /*
+        * The xchg() above and this NULL test are rather paranoid checks.
+        * Caller should not call close() twice.
+        */
+       if (ldata)
+               put_n_tty(ldata);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1890,7 +1886,7 @@ static void n_tty_close(struct tty_struct *tty)
  *     other events will occur in parallel. No further open will occur
  *     until a close.
  */
-
+static void n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *old);
 static int n_tty_open(struct tty_struct *tty)
 {
        struct n_tty_data *ldata;
@@ -1900,6 +1896,7 @@ static int n_tty_open(struct tty_struct *tty)
        if (!ldata)
                return -ENOMEM;
 
+       refcount_set(&ldata->users, 1);
        ldata->overrun_time = jiffies;
        mutex_init(&ldata->atomic_read_lock);
        mutex_init(&ldata->output_lock);
@@ -1913,9 +1910,9 @@ static int n_tty_open(struct tty_struct *tty)
        return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int input_available_p(struct tty_struct *tty, int poll)
+static inline int input_available_p(struct tty_struct *tty,
+                                   struct n_tty_data *ldata, int poll)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int amt = poll && !TIME_CHAR(tty) && MIN_CHAR(tty) ? MIN_CHAR(tty) : 1;
 
        if (ldata->icanon && !L_EXTPROC(tty))
@@ -1944,12 +1941,10 @@ static inline int input_available_p(struct tty_struct 
*tty, int poll)
  *             read_tail published
  */
 
-static int copy_from_read_buf(struct tty_struct *tty,
-                                     unsigned char __user **b,
-                                     size_t *nr)
+static int copy_from_read_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                             unsigned char __user **b, size_t *nr)
 
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int retval;
        size_t n;
        bool is_eof;
@@ -2000,10 +1995,9 @@ static int copy_from_read_buf(struct tty_struct *tty,
  */
 
 static int canon_copy_from_read_buf(struct tty_struct *tty,
-                                   unsigned char __user **b,
-                                   size_t *nr)
+                                   struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                                   unsigned char __user **b, size_t *nr)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        size_t n, size, more, c;
        size_t eol;
        size_t tail;
@@ -2043,7 +2037,7 @@ static int canon_copy_from_read_buf(struct tty_struct 
*tty,
        n_tty_trace("%s: eol:%zu found:%d n:%zu c:%zu tail:%zu more:%zu\n",
                    __func__, eol, found, n, c, tail, more);
 
-       ret = tty_copy_to_user(tty, *b, tail, n);
+       ret = tty_copy_to_user(tty, ldata, *b, tail, n);
        if (ret)
                return -EFAULT;
        *b += n;
@@ -2113,10 +2107,10 @@ static int job_control(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file)
  *             publishes read_tail
  */
 
-static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
-                        unsigned char __user *buf, size_t nr)
+static ssize_t __n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                           struct file *file, unsigned char __user *buf,
+                           size_t nr)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        unsigned char __user *b = buf;
        DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(wait, woken_wake_function);
        int c;
@@ -2178,11 +2172,11 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct file *file,
                        break;
                }
 
-               if (!input_available_p(tty, 0)) {
+               if (!input_available_p(tty, ldata, 0)) {
                        up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
                        tty_buffer_flush_work(tty->port);
                        down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
-                       if (!input_available_p(tty, 0)) {
+                       if (!input_available_p(tty, ldata, 0)) {
                                if (test_bit(TTY_OTHER_CLOSED, &tty->flags)) {
                                        retval = -EIO;
                                        break;
@@ -2216,7 +2210,7 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
                }
 
                if (ldata->icanon && !L_EXTPROC(tty)) {
-                       retval = canon_copy_from_read_buf(tty, &b, &nr);
+                       retval = canon_copy_from_read_buf(tty, ldata, &b, &nr);
                        if (retval)
                                break;
                } else {
@@ -2232,15 +2226,15 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct file *file,
                                nr--;
                        }
 
-                       uncopied = copy_from_read_buf(tty, &b, &nr);
-                       uncopied += copy_from_read_buf(tty, &b, &nr);
+                       uncopied = copy_from_read_buf(tty, ldata, &b, &nr);
+                       uncopied += copy_from_read_buf(tty, ldata, &b, &nr);
                        if (uncopied) {
                                retval = -EFAULT;
                                break;
                        }
                }
 
-               n_tty_check_unthrottle(tty);
+               n_tty_check_unthrottle(tty, ldata);
 
                if (b - buf >= minimum)
                        break;
@@ -2248,7 +2242,7 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
                        timeout = time;
        }
        if (tail != ldata->read_tail)
-               n_tty_kick_worker(tty);
+               n_tty_kick_worker(tty, ldata);
        up_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
 
        remove_wait_queue(&tty->read_wait, &wait);
@@ -2282,8 +2276,9 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
  *               lock themselves)
  */
 
-static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
-                          const unsigned char *buf, size_t nr)
+static ssize_t __n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                            struct file *file, const unsigned char *buf,
+                            size_t nr)
 {
        const unsigned char *b = buf;
        DEFINE_WAIT_FUNC(wait, woken_wake_function);
@@ -2300,7 +2295,7 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
        down_read(&tty->termios_rwsem);
 
        /* Write out any echoed characters that are still pending */
-       process_echoes(tty);
+       process_echoes(tty, ldata);
 
        add_wait_queue(&tty->write_wait, &wait);
        while (1) {
@@ -2314,7 +2309,8 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
                }
                if (O_OPOST(tty)) {
                        while (nr > 0) {
-                               ssize_t num = process_output_block(tty, b, nr);
+                               ssize_t num = process_output_block(tty, ldata,
+                                                                  b, nr);
                                if (num < 0) {
                                        if (num == -EAGAIN)
                                                break;
@@ -2326,15 +2322,13 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct file *file,
                                if (nr == 0)
                                        break;
                                c = *b;
-                               if (process_output(c, tty) < 0)
+                               if (process_output(c, tty, ldata) < 0)
                                        break;
                                b++; nr--;
                        }
                        if (tty->ops->flush_chars)
                                tty->ops->flush_chars(tty);
                } else {
-                       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
-
                        while (nr > 0) {
                                mutex_lock(&ldata->output_lock);
                                c = tty->ops->write(tty, b, nr);
@@ -2383,18 +2377,18 @@ static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, 
struct file *file,
  *     Called without the kernel lock held - fine
  */
 
-static __poll_t n_tty_poll(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
-                                                       poll_table *wait)
+static __poll_t __n_tty_poll(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                            struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
 {
        __poll_t mask = 0;
 
        poll_wait(file, &tty->read_wait, wait);
        poll_wait(file, &tty->write_wait, wait);
-       if (input_available_p(tty, 1))
+       if (input_available_p(tty, ldata, 1))
                mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
        else {
                tty_buffer_flush_work(tty->port);
-               if (input_available_p(tty, 1))
+               if (input_available_p(tty, ldata, 1))
                        mask |= EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
        }
        if (tty->packet && tty->link->ctrl_status)
@@ -2429,10 +2423,9 @@ static unsigned long inq_canon(struct n_tty_data *ldata)
        return nr;
 }
 
-static int n_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
-                      unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+static int __n_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct n_tty_data *ldata,
+                        struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
-       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tty->disc_data;
        int retval;
 
        switch (cmd) {
@@ -2451,6 +2444,130 @@ static int n_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct 
file *file,
        }
 }
 
+static struct n_tty_data *tryget_n_tty(struct tty_struct *tty)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata;
+       bool ret;
+
+       rcu_read_lock();
+       ldata = tty->disc_data;
+       ret = ldata && refcount_inc_not_zero(&ldata->users);
+       rcu_read_unlock();
+       if (ret)
+               return ldata;
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static void free_n_tty(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = container_of(head, struct n_tty_data, rcu);
+
+       vfree(ldata);
+}
+
+static void put_n_tty(struct n_tty_data *ldata)
+{
+       if (refcount_dec_and_test(&ldata->users))
+               call_rcu(&ldata->rcu, free_n_tty);
+}
+
+static void n_tty_flush_buffer(struct tty_struct *tty)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return;
+       __n_tty_flush_buffer(tty, ldata);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+}
+
+static ssize_t n_tty_read(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
+                         unsigned char __user *buf, size_t nr)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+       ssize_t retval;
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return -EIO;
+       retval = __n_tty_read(tty, ldata, file, buf, nr);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static ssize_t n_tty_write(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
+                          const unsigned char *buf, size_t nr)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+       ssize_t retval;
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return -EIO;
+       retval = __n_tty_write(tty, ldata, file, buf, nr);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static int n_tty_ioctl(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
+                      unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+       int retval;
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return -EIO;
+       retval = __n_tty_ioctl(tty, ldata, file, cmd, arg);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+       return retval;
+}
+
+static void n_tty_set_termios(struct tty_struct *tty, struct ktermios *old)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return;
+       __n_tty_set_termios(tty, ldata, old);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+}
+
+static __poll_t n_tty_poll(struct tty_struct *tty, struct file *file,
+                          poll_table *wait)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+       __poll_t retval;
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return POLLERR|POLLHUP;
+       retval = __n_tty_poll(tty, ldata, file, wait);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+       return retval;
+
+}
+
+static void n_tty_receive_buf(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
+                             char *fp, int count)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return;
+       __n_tty_receive_buf(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+}
+
+static int n_tty_receive_buf2(struct tty_struct *tty, const unsigned char *cp,
+                             char *fp, int count)
+{
+       struct n_tty_data *ldata = tryget_n_tty(tty);
+       int retval;
+
+       if (!ldata)
+               return -EIO;
+       retval = __n_tty_receive_buf2(tty, ldata, cp, fp, count);
+       put_n_tty(ldata);
+       return retval;
+}
+
 static struct tty_ldisc_ops n_tty_ops = {
        .magic           = TTY_LDISC_MAGIC,
        .name            = "n_tty",
-- 
1.8.3.1


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