Verify KVM's virtualization of the PAT MSR and--when nested NPT is
enabled--the VMCB12 g_pat field and the guest PAT register.

Signed-off-by: Jim Mattson <[email protected]>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm      |   1 +
 .../selftests/kvm/x86/svm_nested_pat_test.c   | 357 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 358 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/svm_nested_pat_test.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm 
b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
index 33ff81606638..27f8087eafec 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/state_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/vmx_preemption_timer_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/svm_vmcall_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/svm_int_ctl_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/svm_nested_pat_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/svm_nested_shutdown_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/svm_nested_soft_inject_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/tsc_scaling_sync
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/svm_nested_pat_test.c 
b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/svm_nested_pat_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fa016e65dbf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/svm_nested_pat_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * KVM nested SVM PAT test
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2026, Google LLC.
+ *
+ * Test that KVM correctly virtualizes the PAT MSR and VMCB g_pat field
+ * for nested SVM guests:
+ *
+ * o With nested NPT disabled:
+ *     - L1 and L2 share the same PAT
+ *     - The vmcb12.g_pat is ignored
+ * o With nested NPT enabled:
+ *     - Invalid g_pat in vmcb12 should cause VMEXIT_INVALID
+ *     - L2 should see vmcb12.g_pat via RDMSR, not L1's PAT
+ *     - L2's writes to PAT should be saved to vmcb12 on exit
+ *     - L1's PAT should be restored after #VMEXIT from L2
+ *     - State save/restore should preserve both L1's and L2's PAT values
+ */
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "test_util.h"
+#include "kvm_util.h"
+#include "processor.h"
+#include "svm_util.h"
+
+#define L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE 256
+
+#define PAT_DEFAULT            0x0007040600070406ULL
+#define L1_PAT_VALUE           0x0007040600070404ULL  /* Change PA0 to WT */
+#define L2_VMCB12_PAT          0x0606060606060606ULL  /* All WB */
+#define L2_PAT_MODIFIED                0x0606060606060604ULL  /* Change PA0 to 
WT */
+#define INVALID_PAT_VALUE      0x0808080808080808ULL  /* 8 is reserved */
+
+/*
+ * Shared state between L1 and L2 for verification.
+ */
+struct pat_test_data {
+       uint64_t l2_pat_read;
+       uint64_t l2_pat_after_write;
+       uint64_t l1_pat_after_vmexit;
+       uint64_t vmcb12_gpat_after_exit;
+       bool l2_done;
+};
+
+static struct pat_test_data *pat_data;
+
+static void l2_guest_code_npt_disabled(void)
+{
+       pat_data->l2_pat_read = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+       pat_data->l2_pat_after_write = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       pat_data->l2_done = true;
+       vmmcall();
+}
+
+static void l2_guest_code_npt_enabled(void)
+{
+       pat_data->l2_pat_read = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+       pat_data->l2_pat_after_write = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       pat_data->l2_done = true;
+       vmmcall();
+}
+
+static void l2_guest_code_saverestoretest(void)
+{
+       pat_data->l2_pat_read = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+
+       GUEST_SYNC(1);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), pat_data->l2_pat_read);
+
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+       pat_data->l2_pat_after_write = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+
+       GUEST_SYNC(2);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       pat_data->l2_done = true;
+       vmmcall();
+}
+
+static void l1_svm_code_npt_disabled(struct svm_test_data *svm,
+                                    struct pat_test_data *data)
+{
+       unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+       struct vmcb *vmcb = svm->vmcb;
+
+       pat_data = data;
+
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       generic_svm_setup(svm, l2_guest_code_npt_disabled,
+                         &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+       vmcb->save.g_pat = L2_VMCB12_PAT;
+
+       vmcb->control.intercept &= ~(1ULL << INTERCEPT_MSR_PROT);
+
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL);
+       GUEST_ASSERT(data->l2_done);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_read, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_after_write, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       data->l1_pat_after_vmexit = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l1_pat_after_vmexit, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+static void l1_svm_code_invalid_gpat(struct svm_test_data *svm,
+                                    struct pat_test_data *data)
+{
+       unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+       struct vmcb *vmcb = svm->vmcb;
+
+       pat_data = data;
+
+       generic_svm_setup(svm, l2_guest_code_npt_enabled,
+                         &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+       vmcb->save.g_pat = INVALID_PAT_VALUE;
+
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_ERR);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT(!data->l2_done);
+
+       GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+static void l1_svm_code_npt_enabled(struct svm_test_data *svm,
+                                   struct pat_test_data *data)
+{
+       unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+       struct vmcb *vmcb = svm->vmcb;
+       uint64_t l1_pat_before;
+
+       pat_data = data;
+
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+       l1_pat_before = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(l1_pat_before, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       generic_svm_setup(svm, l2_guest_code_npt_enabled,
+                         &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+       vmcb->save.g_pat = L2_VMCB12_PAT;
+
+       vmcb->control.intercept &= ~(1ULL << INTERCEPT_MSR_PROT);
+
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL);
+       GUEST_ASSERT(data->l2_done);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_read, L2_VMCB12_PAT);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_after_write, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       data->vmcb12_gpat_after_exit = vmcb->save.g_pat;
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->vmcb12_gpat_after_exit, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       data->l1_pat_after_vmexit = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l1_pat_after_vmexit, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+static void l1_svm_code_saverestore(struct svm_test_data *svm,
+                                   struct pat_test_data *data)
+{
+       unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+       struct vmcb *vmcb = svm->vmcb;
+
+       pat_data = data;
+
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       generic_svm_setup(svm, l2_guest_code_saverestoretest,
+                         &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+       vmcb->save.g_pat = L2_VMCB12_PAT;
+       vmcb->control.intercept &= ~(1ULL << INTERCEPT_MSR_PROT);
+
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL);
+       GUEST_ASSERT(data->l2_done);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->save.g_pat, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+/*
+ * L2 guest code for multiple VM-entry test.
+ * On first VM-entry, read and modify PAT, then VM-exit.
+ * On second VM-entry, verify we see our modified PAT from first VM-entry.
+ */
+static void l2_guest_code_multi_vmentry(void)
+{
+       pat_data->l2_pat_read = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+       pat_data->l2_pat_after_write = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       vmmcall();
+
+       pat_data->l2_pat_read = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT);
+       pat_data->l2_done = true;
+       vmmcall();
+}
+
+static void l1_svm_code_multi_vmentry(struct svm_test_data *svm,
+                                     struct pat_test_data *data)
+{
+       unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+       struct vmcb *vmcb = svm->vmcb;
+
+       pat_data = data;
+
+       wrmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT, L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       generic_svm_setup(svm, l2_guest_code_multi_vmentry,
+                         &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+       vmcb->save.g_pat = L2_VMCB12_PAT;
+       vmcb->control.intercept &= ~(1ULL << INTERCEPT_MSR_PROT);
+
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_after_write, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->save.g_pat, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       vmcb->save.rip += 3;  /* vmmcall */
+       run_guest(vmcb, svm->vmcb_gpa);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(vmcb->control.exit_code, SVM_EXIT_VMMCALL);
+       GUEST_ASSERT(data->l2_done);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(data->l2_pat_read, L2_PAT_MODIFIED);
+
+       GUEST_ASSERT_EQ(rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT), L1_PAT_VALUE);
+
+       GUEST_DONE();
+}
+
+static void l1_guest_code(struct svm_test_data *svm, struct pat_test_data 
*data,
+                         int test_num)
+{
+       switch (test_num) {
+       case 0:
+               l1_svm_code_npt_disabled(svm, data);
+               break;
+       case 1:
+               l1_svm_code_invalid_gpat(svm, data);
+               break;
+       case 2:
+               l1_svm_code_npt_enabled(svm, data);
+               break;
+       case 3:
+               l1_svm_code_saverestore(svm, data);
+               break;
+       case 4:
+               l1_svm_code_multi_vmentry(svm, data);
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static void run_test(int test_number, const char *test_name, bool npt_enabled,
+                    bool do_save_restore)
+{
+       struct pat_test_data *data_hva;
+       vm_vaddr_t svm_gva, data_gva;
+       struct kvm_x86_state *state;
+       struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
+       struct kvm_vm *vm;
+       struct ucall uc;
+
+       pr_info("Testing: %d: %s\n", test_number, test_name);
+
+       vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, l1_guest_code);
+       if (npt_enabled)
+               vm_enable_npt(vm);
+
+       vcpu_alloc_svm(vm, &svm_gva);
+
+       data_gva = vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
+       data_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, data_gva);
+       memset(data_hva, 0, sizeof(*data_hva));
+
+       if (npt_enabled)
+               tdp_identity_map_default_memslots(vm);
+
+       vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 3, svm_gva, data_gva, test_number);
+
+       for (;;) {
+               vcpu_run(vcpu);
+               TEST_ASSERT_KVM_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
+
+               switch (get_ucall(vcpu, &uc)) {
+               case UCALL_ABORT:
+                       REPORT_GUEST_ASSERT(uc);
+                       /* NOT REACHED */
+               case UCALL_SYNC:
+                       if (do_save_restore) {
+                               pr_info("  Save/restore at sync point %ld\n",
+                                       uc.args[1]);
+                               state = vcpu_save_state(vcpu);
+                               kvm_vm_release(vm);
+                               vcpu = vm_recreate_with_one_vcpu(vm);
+                               vcpu_load_state(vcpu, state);
+                               kvm_x86_state_cleanup(state);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case UCALL_DONE:
+                       pr_info("  PASSED\n");
+                       kvm_vm_free(vm);
+                       return;
+               default:
+                       TEST_FAIL("Unknown ucall %lu", uc.cmd);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+       TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SVM));
+       TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_NPT));
+       TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE));
+
+       run_test(0, "nested NPT disabled", false, false);
+
+       run_test(1, "invalid g_pat", true, false);
+
+       run_test(2, "nested NPT enabled", true, false);
+
+       run_test(3, "save/restore", true, true);
+
+       run_test(4, "multiple entries", true, false);
+
+       return 0;
+}
-- 
2.52.0.457.g6b5491de43-goog


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